Current status of recent apple diseases and insect pests

Currently, apples are entering a fruit expansion period, and the high temperature and rainy climate is conducive to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. It shows that the common pests continue to harm, and the overall disease incidence is heavier than the pests. Such as apple tree rot disease, brown spot disease, powdery mildew, golden moth, spider mites, leaf roller moths, etc., the potential risks of some diseases and insects increase. For example, the occurrence area of ​​anthracnose leaf blight has expanded. It originally only occurred in early-maturing Gala varieties. This year it also occurred in Qinguan varieties. There are also fruit anthracnose and ring disease in unbagged orchards; some sudden and occasional occurrences in some areas Pests are harmful, such as hawk moth and cabbage armyworm. These pests are mostly omnivorous and gluttony, and migrate in groups to cause damage.

Green prevention and control technology of main pests and diseases in the middle and late stages

Comply with the guidelines for the rational use of pesticides, never use national banned and restricted pesticides, and give priority to the use of biological pesticides.

Specifically, the focus has two stages:

Color maturity

1. Physical and chemical booby-trap technology. The use of sex attractants with corresponding traps to trap and kill a large number of pests is one of the important components of green pest control. The most commonly used on apples are the sexual traps for pests such as golden moths and leaf rollers, which are generally hung in the orchard in the spring. In the later period, only need to replace the lures in time according to the duration of the sex lures. Just replace the sticky board in time.

2. Strengthen cultivation management and improve the ventilation and light conditions of the orchard. Recently there has been a lot of rain and weeds in the orchard have grown vigorously. Regardless of whether it is artificial grass or natural grass, if the grass is more than 20 cm high, it must be mowed in time to ensure that there is no grass under the tree tray. The grass stubble between the rows of fruit trees is 5 cm to 10 cm. Lay the cut grass between the rows and turn it deeply after rot to increase the organic matter content in the soil.

3. According to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the orchard or the control opinions of the plant protection department, choose the medicine symptomatically, read the medicine instructions carefully, and spray the leaves according to the recommended dosage. Don't blindly follow suit and take insurance drugs. In addition, pay attention to the safety interval of the medicine, especially for early-maturing varieties that are close to harvest.

After the fruit is harvested

1. Pharmacy clears the garden. One week after the fruit is harvested, care should be taken to reduce the base of overwintering pests.

2. Treat the lesions with light scraping. At the end of autumn and early winter (November), check the fruit trees, and lightly scrape the newly discovered spots of rot disease, that is, scrape off the surface lesions to make the bark surface slightly yellow-green, and then apply thiophanate-methyl or Thiophanate Ketone paste, etc., to prevent further infection and expansion of rot disease in winter. Finally, dry the medicament again. After scraping off the rough and old skin, you can use tebuconazole or octoxystrobin acetate to paint the main branches, which can prevent rot and sclerotia.

3. Cultivation management. One is to apply base fertilizer as early as possible in autumn. The second is to clean the orchard, that is, to implement agricultural technical measures such as "cutting, scraping, painting, cleaning, and turning", that is, winter pruning + cutting off the branches of diseases and insects, scraping off the rough old and diseased bark, whitening the trunk, cleaning the orchard, and deep turning the soil. Protect wounds, etc. Particular attention should be paid to removing the pruned diseased branches, scraped rough old peels, diseased skins, and diseased fruits from the garden for centralized treatment, and the pruned asymptomatic branches should also be stacked or crushed.

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