Coprinus comatus pollution-free high-yielding cultivation techniques
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December 12 03:02:34, 2018
Coprinus comatus, also known as comatus, is a new mushroom species developed rapidly in Fanxian in recent years. Because of its delicate meat, the mushroom has a delicious taste and is favored by the masses. Regular consumption helps digestion, increases appetite, lowers blood sugar, and treats acne. Can use field crop straw and various edible fungi cultivation waste as raw materials. With a simple cultivation process, short production cycle, quick effect, easy management, fruiting can be artificially controlled (with no sticking to the soil without mushroom characteristics, mycelium overgrown in a certain range than the time to avoid light and not aging, Under suitable conditions, the normal function of the mushroom after covering the soil does not affect the yield and quality, etc., and has broad development prospects and market potential. The pollution-free cultivation techniques of Coprinus comatus are introduced as follows: 1. Select the appropriate cultivation season coprinus in the high-temperature fungi, the mycelium growth temperature is 3-35 °C, the most suitable growth temperature is 24-26 °C; fruiting body The formation temperature is 8-30°C, and the optimum temperature is 18-24°C. Generally divided into spring and autumn seasons, spring cultivation generally in November to the following year in March bag making bacteria, from April to June cover work mushrooming; autumn cultivation is generally in July and August month bags, 9-11 month out Mushrooms can also use solar greenhouses to arrange mushrooms before the Spring Festival to gain higher economic benefits. Spring planting is not easy to get late, due to the higher temperature in the later period, although the fruiting body grows faster, it is easy to open the umbrella, the stipe is slender, the cover of the stipe is thin, and the commodity is low; the autumn planting is not easy too early because of the high temperature in the early stage. Miscellaneous bacteria cause cultivation failure. Therefore, according to local conditions, reasonable arrangements should be made to meet the conditions for its suitable growth and development, and lay a good foundation for high yield and high efficiency. Second, the formulation of culture materials and preparation of a wide range of raw materials for cultivation Coprinus comatus, cotton material shell, corn cob, sawdust, crop straw, such as wheat straw, corn stalks, straw, bean stalks, as well as the production of other bacteria can be cultivated . 1. Formulations for Culture Materials Here are a few recipes for reference: (1) 87.5% for Wangmi (powdered granules), 8% for bran, 1% for superphosphate, 0.5% for urea, and 3% for lime. (2) 49.5% of edible fungus waste, 38% of cotton seed hull, 8% of rice noodles, 0.5% of urea, 1% of superphosphate, and 3% of lime powder. (3) 45% bean curd chips, 42% corn cob, 10% bran, 1% plaster, and 2% lime powder. (4) 94.7% cottonseed husk, 2% phosphate fertilizer, 3% lime powder, 0.1% Kemodulin, and 0.2% nutrient. (5) 69.7% corn cob, 25% cottonseed husk, 5% lime powder, 0.1% Kemuling, 0.2% nutrient. (6) 69.7% of crushed crop straw, 20% of corn flour, 1% of phosphate fertilizer, 4% of lime powder, 0.1% of Kemyme, and 0.2% of nutrient. (7) 59.7% cottonseed hull, 37% bacillary dysentery, 1% gypsum, 1% phosphate fertilizer, 1% lime powder, 0.1% Kemodulin, and 0.2% nutrient. The above formula water ratio is 1: (3-4) Third, the preparation of fermentation first cottonseed hull, corn cob, crop straw, edible fungus waste spread on the ground; then the bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime powder and other uniform Sprinkle on the material, first dry 1-2 times, and strive to mix evenly; Finally, the phosphate fertilizer, urea, clotrinone, nutrients, etc. are dissolved in the water and sprinkled in the material, while spilling and turning over, mixing evenly. After the material is mixed, it will be piled and fermented to make a 1.5-2m wide, 1-1.5m high, unlimited length pile. Breathing holes every 30 centimeters to the bottom of the pile, aperture 3-5 centimeters, covered with a thin film or crucible Curtain, four weeks compaction, heat preservation, moisturizing, fermentation, after 2-3 days, when the temperature reaches 55-60°C at 30 cm in the stack, continue to turn for 12 hours, turn the material up and down and exchange positions to strive for uniformity, re-piling Hole, wait until the temperature reaches 55-60°C and continue to turn for 12 hours. Later, once every 12 hours, turn over 3-4 times. The material is dark brown with good flavor and no acid odor. The moisture content is about 65% and the pH is 7 (alkaline). The inoculated material was cooled down to below 30°C. During turning, pay attention to the control of material temperature should not exceed 65 °C, not to mention high temperature duration is too long, otherwise, the culture material loss of too much water, nutrient consumption is too large, lack of stamina after the mushroom, will seriously affect the yield and efficiency. Fourth, the cultivation method Coprinus comatus clinker bag planting, bag-shedding, high yield, good quality. 1. The clinker bags are planted, and the bag-sanding and cover soil are used to adjust the moisture content of the cultured fermented material to about 60%. The layering method is used to inoculate the edge while bagging. Generally, 2-3 layers of material, 3-4 layers of bacteria, and the amount of seed used About 15% of dry material weight. After inoculation, the bacterial bag was placed in a culture room at about 25°C and cultured. After 10 days of bag dumping, the bacteria were inspected. Any contamination should be promptly handled. After 20-25 days of hyphae, it can cover all bags. Take out the bag and drain the soil, select the soil with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, dig into a boring machine with a width of 1-1.5 meters, a depth of 20-30 cm, and an unlimited length. Use 800-1000 times of effective cypermethrin to spray insects before use. Spread a little lime powder to disinfect and sterilize, and then remove the bacteria bags from the film, lay flat or two-stage upright and place them in the oysters, leave 3-5cm gaps between the bacteria sticks, and fill them with good nutrition soil (fertile soil). . Put 20-30 bacteria sticks on 1 square meter, and then cover the surface of the fungus rod with 3-5 cm thick fertile sandy loam soil (combined soil). Pay attention to the use of cover materials before use, use 1% -2% of the lime powder mix, or directly with 1% -2% lime water solution to adjust the soil to about 45% moisture content (hands into a group, landing Scattered). After covering the soil, use a piece of bamboo to form a bow-shaped shed, cover the film grass curtain, avoid light and heat, the temperature is controlled at 22-26 °C, after 12-15 days, the mycelium can be covered with buckwheat noodles, and then sprinkle some cold water to the glutinous surface. The relative humidity of the air is maintained at 85%-90% and the temperature is controlled at 6-25°C. Membrane ventilation every day to stimulate the kinks of mycelium, the formation of mushroom buds. 2, raw material cultivation (1) bag planting: the method is a layer of bacteria species, a layer of material, generally packed into 5 layers of bacteria 4 layers of material, inoculation at both ends (70%) in the middle (30%), strains Generally accounting for 15% -20% of dry material, the temperature is controlled at 22-26 °C, after 20-30 days mycelium can fill the bag. Bags are easy to handle and have low contamination rates. (2) Bed planting: The method is to lay the plastic film, spread the well-fermented culture material on the bed frame, the material thickness is 10-15 cm, and the seeds are divided into 3 layers for sowing. The seed amount is 10%-15%, and the final leveling material is used. Face, slightly compacted, covered with film, the mycelium can be made full of bed surface after 20-30 days. (3) planting: first use 3% lime water, 0.2% disinfectant, 200 times dichlorvos spray the ground, insecticidal sterilization, and then dig 1 meter wide, 20-30 cm deep, unlimited length of the dragonfly, dragonflies and dragonflies Leave 60 cm between the walkways. Spread the material and inoculate 2 layers of bacteria in total. The surface sowing volume is greater than the middle, and the sowing amount is generally 15-20% of the dry weight. The thickness of the material depends on the temperature, and the high temperature season is thin, and vice versa. After sowing, the film is covered with heat preservation and moisturizing. After 25-30 days of hyphae, it will be full. The planted materials are saved and the cost is low, but it is not easy to manage. Fifth, the management of fruiting period Because Coprinus comatus has the characteristic of not sticking to the soil, the surface must be covered with soil after being filled with hyphae, and the soil thickness is 3-5 cm. Bags are planted and bags are covered with soil, and the planted bed is planted directly with soil, and the soil is treated with insecticide-sterilized soil. 1. Soil requirements and treatment: Soil with loose and fertile garden soil (preferably garden soil), 0.3% urea, 0.3% phosphate fertilizer, 0.2% disinfectant, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 500% 80% dichlorvos, Water amount, pH 7-8.5. Humidity requirements hold salty groups, landing is scattered. After being mixed, stuffy stuffy stuffy stuff for 2-3 days, one tipping over one time, re-spraying dichlorvos for 1 time, can be used after 3 days. Cover soil to keep the soil moist, moderate ventilation, temperature control at 18-25 °C, generally after about 10 days, mycelium can be covered with soil surface. At this time, according to weather conditions, spray water frequently, ventilate several times, keep the relative humidity of the air at 85%-90%, cover the earth for about 20 days, and begin to form white grainy mushroom buds on the bed surface. Management to control temperature and humidity. Mainly ventilated, and given appropriate lighting, stimulate mushrooming. Under various conditions, it takes 5-6 days for the kinks of the mycelium to form mushroom buds, 3-4 days for the buds, and 7-10 days for the fruiting bodies to mature. Six, timely harvest processing Coprinus comatus grows quickly, and easy to open the umbrella autolysis, become black liquid and lose the value of goods. Therefore, when the fruit body grows to be cylindrical or bell-shaped, the color changes from shallow to dark, and the mushroom body is not hollow, and there is a small amount of scales on the cap, and the cap and stem are not separated. When the fungus ring begins to loosen, picking is best. When harvesting, squeeze the lower part of the stipe gently to pull it up. After harvesting, remove the mushroom stems on the material surface and wait until the growth of the mycelia is restored in 4-6 days. Then, fill the soil with water in time, or spray lime water or nutrient water with a pH of 9-12, and cover the bacteria. After 3-5 days, when there are mushroom buds, they are managed according to the mushrooming method mentioned above to promote the regeneration of the second pod. Generally, every oyster mushroom is separated by 10-15 days, 4 oyster mushrooms can be harvested, and 100 kilos of raw materials can be produced fresh. Mushroom 150-200 kg, the average bioconversion rate is generally 80%-150%. After harvesting, fresh mushrooms are used to remove soil, and are sold to the market for fresh sales after bagging or basket mounting; they can also be salted or dried for external sales to achieve higher benefits.