Non-pollution bitter gourd bagging cultivation technology
October 20 05:04:50, 2018
Variety selection should be selected guava vines, short internodes, small leaves, strong resistance, early maturing, high yield, storable varieties, such as Huadu green bitter gourd, the plant growth is strong. Strong resistance to disease, starting from the first 3 leaves to sit the first female flowers, the results of many, thick flesh, tender, good quality. The cultivation season and cornices can be cultivated in the greenhouses and plastic greenhouses in early spring, late autumn and winter and spring. The early spring will be planted in late December and late January, and planted in mid-February and mid-March. After the fall, the seedlings will be sown in late July and mid-July, and planted in early September and late October. The spring, spring, early October and early November sowing seedlings, mid-November-December, planting. Seedlings in the shed use nutritious seedlings. The substrate for the nursery was mixed with peat and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 2:1, and 10 kg of dried chicken manure was mixed with 1 m3 of mixed matrix and mixed well. The nutrients were neatly discharged into the seedbed, and the substrate was thoroughly irrigated with water. After soaking, the seeds were sown. One seed per seedling was used. The seed was dried and broadcast, and 0.5 cm thick seedling substrate was covered after sowing. The pre-emergence temperature is maintained at 25-30 degrees Celsius, and the temperature after emergence is 20-25 degrees Celsius during the day and 10-15 at night. The seedbed is sprayed with water for 1-2 times every morning or evening to prevent the matrix from being hardened and dried. After the seedlings emerged, keep the soil dry and wet. If the growth of seedlings is weak, foliar fertilizer application can be performed with a 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution. Planting seedlings were colonized with 3 leaves and 1 heart, and the seedlings were 35-45 days old. Site preparation before planting, digging troughs from north to south, tank width 0.48 meters, depth 0.15 meters, spacing of 0.8 meters. The bottom of the tank is covered with a layer of plastic film and the soil is separated. The substrate is filled with 2-3 cubic meters of the substrate. The ratio of the cultivation substrate is grass carbon: slag 4:6. Before mixing the tanks, each kilogram of the substrate should be mixed with 5 kg of dry chicken manure and 0.5 kg of NPK fertilizer at 15:15:15. The leveling medium is leveled and poured, and the water is poured 1 times to fully absorb the matrix. After the water seeps through, it is planted by the specifications of 1 row per tank, so that the substrate is slightly higher than the seedling, the distance between the rows is 0.4 meters, and the water is poured after planting. . Management temperature management after planting: Before flowering, the temperature in the shed is maintained at 20-25 degrees Celsius and the night temperature is 13-15 degrees Celsius. After flowering, the indoor temperature of the shed is maintained at 25-30 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature is 12-15 degrees Celsius. In case of overcast weather, heat preservation measures should be strengthened so that the temperature of the beak will not be lower than 18 degrees Celsius and not lower than 8 degrees Celsius at night. Fertilizer management: Before flowering, it is mainly controlled, with less water to top-dressing, and after flowering, top-dressing and watering. Momordica charantia roots are not tolerant to waterlogging, and each watering volume should not be too large. Usually 2-3 days poured 1 water. Every 2 times the water is applied to the soil with water once a time. Every 1/15 hectares is applied with 5 to 7.5 kg of N, P and K compound fertilizer at 15:15:15. Watering is done by drip irrigation with the natural pressure of the storage tank. Each storage room is built with an independent water reservoir. The length of the pool is 4 meters long, 1.5 meters wide and 2 meters high. The floor of the pool should be 0.5 meters above ground level. In order to prevent shading and occupying too much planted area, the pool should be built along the gable of a greenhouse or a greenhouse. The drip irrigation zone in the main pipe and the cultivation tank in the shed can be made of plastic pipes. Two dropper pipes are placed in each slot, and a layer of 0.1 mm thick narrow plastic film is placed on the drop pipe to prevent drip irrigation from spraying and evaporation. Plant Adjustment: Using shelf brackets, take a 2-layer scaffold at 20-30 cm below the membrane for melon climbing. After throwing vines. Suspend the vines with a sling. When the plant grows to the top of the cage leaves, it promotes the lateral branch to germinate, leaving 1-2 female flowers in the lateral vines and leaves 2-3 leaves after the second. Artificial pollination: artificial pollination must be carried out after deduction of the membrane to normalize the melon. Male flowers that are in full bloom are picked at 8-10 am to pollinate flowers. Fruit bagging: After flowering and fruit setting, the fruit is bagged with a bag length of 800 mm, a width of 80 mm, and a thickness of 0.08 mm. The bag is a colorless and transparent polyethylene film bag. The film bag is placed over the fruit, and then the film bag mouth is tied together with a string in the shank, but not too tight to prevent lateral growth of the pedicel, while maintaining a certain degree of ventilation. Fruit bagging prevents pesticides from spraying directly onto the fruit. Disease and Insect Pest Control The bitter gourd has a strong ability to resist pests and diseases. In general, it rarely causes serious diseases and insect pests. It is prone to anthrax and epidemics only when the humidity is high, and the humidity is easily affected by the aphids and whitefly. Anthracnose can be controlled by 80% anthraquinone omeprazole WP 800 times, once every 5-7 days, even 2-3 times. Locusts and whiteflies can be simmered with 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate or biological pesticides without pesticide residues. 12-15 days after flowering is suitable for harvesting. Harvesting should not be too late so as not to affect the quality of the product. After bagging the fruits, the fruits are ready to go to market and the fruits are listed along with the bags.