Watermelon late planting high efficiency
October 17 10:01:13, 2018
In recent years, more and more farmers have grown watermelon cultivation from May to July, and the benefits are also better. Choosing good varieties and matching technologies is the key to successful cultivation. First, the variety recommended low temperature varieties should be selected, such as small watermelon: spring, Astro Boy, Wanfulai, early spring red jade, medium-sized watermelon: the best Jingxiu, Tianshan good morning 84-24 and so on. Second, the choice of fields, farming and cultivation: l, the choice of melon fields: mainly consider the topography, soil quality, and earthworms. Paddy fields in the south should be selected for high dryness and drainage, and dry lands should be planted in low-lying, well-drained sandy loam to cultivate watermelons. Loamy soils and alluvial soils with high fertility are also suitable for cultivation of watermelons. It is advisable to prevent heavy crosses and rounds. 2, farming: watermelon cultivation should be deep plowing many times, to achieve a deep farming layer, full of sensation, high fertility, good permeability, ensure the harvest of watermelon high yield. 3, for 畦: ​​South watermelon cultivation season, rain and more. Deep trenches are generally made for drainage. Third, sowing, nursery, planting l, nursery: generally adopt seedling transplanting methods. It can also be broadcast live in Daejeon. (1) Production of nutritious soil: The nursery of watermelon is generally used for container nursery and nutrient block nursery. Nutrient soils require loose, fertile, water-retaining, heat-insulating, bacteria-free, eggs, and weed seeds. The ratio of nutritive soil is 2/3 of topsoil in garden soil or paddy field, and 1/3 of cooked manure is added. Phosphate fertilizer and decomposed chicken, duck and manure are added, and they are composted for 1-2 months before use. One piece of nutrition block is made of clay by adding decomposed cow dung, chicken and duck dung. (2) Seed treatment and sowing: The seeds were sown and sun-dried prior to sowing so as to increase the germination rate. Germination before seed germination, generally soaked with warm soup, that is, with a pair of cool, water temperature about 54 °C soaking, stirring and natural cooling to room temperature, about 3-4 hours. Or after treatment with 100 times formaldehyde solution for 10 minutes, soaking for 3-4 hours. After soaking seeds, fully wash the seed coat mucus and place it at a temperature of about 30°C to germinate. Under normal conditions, the seed germination time is about 48 hours. The seeds that have just germinated and exposed white are broadcast live in Daejeon, or sown in a nutritious pot, covered with 1 cm of soil, and drenched with water. (3) Seedbed management: During sowing and emergence, the temperature is maintained at 30-35°C and the temperature is lowered after emergence to prevent leggy. Increase the light as much as possible, increase the temperature before emergence, and increase the photosynthesis of seedlings after seedling emergence. After emergence, attention should be paid to ventilation and ventilation to reduce the humidity of the seedbed and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Within a week before transplanting, the cover was gradually opened to achieve the purpose of hardening seedlings. The climate in the seedbed was consistent with the climate in Daejeon in order to facilitate the transplanting. 2. Colonization: Planting on sunny days, pouring enough water after planting to facilitate the rapid development of new roots. Planting density is generally 400-500 plants/mu. Early maturing varieties and suitable soils should be dense, and late-maturing varieties and soil fertility should be diluted. Fourth, fertilization and irrigation: 1, the principle of fertilization: Shizu Shi base fertilizer. The amount of basal fertilizer can reach 70-80% of the total fertilizer. The organic fertilizers and compound fertilizers are mainly delayed. Generally, 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per acre, 100 kg of vegetables are dried, and 2000-3000 kg of compost is produced. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be strictly controlled so as not to cause steep growth, reduce the result, and reduce fruit. Quality; Increasing phosphorus and potash fertilizers can improve fruit quality, enhance plant disease resistance, and increase yield. 2. Top-dressing: The top-dressing principle for watermelons is to lightly lift the seedlings, apply vine fat, and reapply fertilizer. Miaomiao fertilizer and vine fat are required to be determined according to the production conditions of the plant. Normal growth does not require topdressing. Only when the growth is poor and the early growth is slow, the quick-acting fertilizer can be properly applied. This period should be less applied. When the young fruit eggs are large, it proves that the plant has a stable fruit, can carry out large topdressing, and promote rapid fruit enlargement. Potassium fertilizer (suitable to use potassium sulfate instead of potassium nitride), urea, etc., is used for decomposing human and animal urine. Calcium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. are the best fertilizers. 3, irrigation: In addition to special drying years, the southern watermelon growing season generally do not have to water alone. In the 10 days before harvesting, it is generally not suitable for irrigation, otherwise it is easy to crack the melon and cause the fruit to be resistant to storage. Fifth, plant management: 1, pruning: watermelon plant growth, strict pruning. Generally, two-vine or three-vine pruning is performed. At the beginning of flowering, melon vines grow to a length of 1-1.5 meters. 2-3 roots of robust vines are selected and the rest are cut off. Pruning should be done on sunny afternoons. 2, pressure vines: to fix the vines, to prevent the wind rolling and injuries, the southern general shop straw, straw in the field fixed melon vines, the north generally 2-3 times with soil vine pressure. 3, fruit management: (1) remove the deformed melon, thinning fruit, to ensure a plant a melon, a small gift watermelon to ensure a 3-4 fruit, remove the low-melon melon; (2) vertical melon, pad melon, melon , To ensure the normal growth and development of fruits, increase the product rate; (3) cover the melon: to prevent cracking sun exposure, fruit temperature is too high and produce sunburn, especially black varieties. Six, pest control Watermelon planted in summer and autumn, pest control is the key. The main insect pests are: earthworms, tigers, melons and red spiders. Earthworms and earthworms are endangered during the seedling stage. The poisonous bait is used to trap and kill: bait is mixed with 40% dimethoate or 90% crystal trichlorfon, and the bait is cooked with wheat bran, soybean cake, corn crushed slag, or glutinous rice, etc. Mix the 1:10:100 ratio of water, bait, and sprinkle them on the sowing tape. The seed dressings were dressed with 50% phoxim EC. Melon and red spider use 40% omethoate, 2.5% kung fu and other agents. VII. Fruit set and harvesting: 1. Fruit and fruit position: The results of the second and third female flowers in the main vine are generally used in the production. The first early-maturing cultivar section 15-20 and the late-maturing cultivar section 20-25 can increase fruit shape. ,Increase production. When the plants are steep and long, the fruit-setting nodes can be appropriately lower, and the vines can be controlled by vines; the growth potential in the early stages is weak, and in order to promote vegetative growth, the fruit-setting nodes can be appropriately higher. 2, to promote fruit setting: watermelon for cross-pollination crops, the use of artificially assisted pollination can significantly increase its fruit set rate, when more rainy days, settle fruit difficulties, artificial supplementary pollination can be added after the cap, to prevent rain soaking pollen . When the plant is steep, artificial plant-assisted pollination, sprain plant growth points, inhibit its steepness and promote fruit set. 3. Harvesting: Harvesting mature fruits is also the key to the success or failure of watermelon cultivation. Unripe or overripe picking will damage the interests of producers and consumers and reduce the value of production. Harvesting of watermelons should be based on maturity. There are several methods for judging the ripeness of watermelon: (1) Calculating the number of days: 25-30 days from fruit set to maturity, 30-35 days for mid-maturing varieties, 35-40 days for late-maturing varieties. (2) The pattern of the fruit surface is clear, the surface is glossy, and the navel and pedicle are slightly contracted to be ripe. (3) The proportion of raw melon is about 1, the proportion of cooked melon is about 0.9-0.95, and the proportion of soup melon and hollow melon is below 0.9. (4) The hairs on fruit pedicels are sparse or fall off. The tendrils are ripe and ripe. (5) Using a finger to play the bomb, the voice of the unripe melon is “steel brittle†and ripe melon “fatigueâ€. The hand caresses the fruit feels light, slaps and sends out the sound of the air ball as a hollow melon; as if the steel pot is filled with water, the sound of squeaking is called “meal soupâ€.