2004 National Biotechnology Overview
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December 14 00:13:48, 2018
U.S.: After the lead in the genome era Russia: Uniqueness in vaccine research In 2004, Russian scientists for the first time synthesized two quasi-anti-AIDS protein gene vaccines, and successfully carried out animal experiments to prepare for clinical trials; at the same time, they also developed the world's first case. Anti-rabbit fever inactivated vaccine against dangerous infectious diseases. In addition, Russian scientists have discovered that transplanting stem cells into damaged brains can promote normal function of some parts of the brain. It has also been found that if the activation of the gene MDRI is effectively prevented, the development of drug resistance of cancer cells is blocked and blocked in the embryonic stage. Can effectively curb cancer cells. (Dong Yingying) United Kingdom: Focusing on cancer diagnosis research Cancer research is a key area of ​​biotechnology in the UK. In 2004, the United Kingdom made a major breakthrough in the basic theory of cancer research, and there are new advances in treatment methods: Patients with a history of genetic diseases have exceeded The chromosome number of 1/4 of the cells is abnormal, confirming that there is a direct causal relationship between chromosome abnormality and cancer, which is of great significance for finding the cause of cancer; discovering a new method to prevent aging of human cells—put a tiny “on the end of the chromosome†The cap" protects the telomere DNA in the cell and allows the cell to divide indefinitely. This achievement helps deepen the understanding of the process of cell death and develop new methods to kill cancer cells; the transgenic Escherichia coli and 6-MPDR anti-cancer drugs were injected successively into experimental mice. The former can secrete an enzyme that will fight cancer. The drug "activates" and forms an effective toxin, killing the surrounding cancer cells. The therapy does not harm other tissues and organs and is superior to chemotherapy. In addition, the United Kingdom has also made unique breakthroughs in vaccine storage technology and has made a major breakthrough—the use of icing to wrap the vaccine so that the vaccine can retain its biological activity without being stored under refrigeration. At the same time, it has been shown that due to differences in human genetic makeup, different types of “mad cow disease†may appear after infection with the altered mad protein that causes “mad cow disease.†Gene combinations that produce normal sawn proteins in vivo may be homozygous or may be Hybrid type. It also used a frozen 21-year sperm to make a woman pregnant and give birth to a baby boy, setting a world record. In addition, the world's first human stem cell bank was officially put into use in the United Kingdom on May 19. The world’s first endangered animal gene bank, established by the United Kingdom, was officially activated. It will store the DNA of thousands of endangered animals around the world so that in the future it is possible to regenerate extinct rare animals. (Ho Ho) France: Taking the Road of International Cooperation Research In 2004, French bio-research achieved many breakthroughs: First, in cooperation with Malaysian researchers, it has achieved significant results in the research field of anti-NIPAH virus vaccines and developed an anti-NIPAH virus vaccine; Second, find new ways to treat gliomas. Experiments show that the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy has obvious curative effect on the treatment of gliomas, and the survival period of diseased mice can reach 200 days, which is 6 times that of untreated mice. In addition, the AIDS vaccine human study trial was started to test the effect of intramuscular injection and subcutaneous injection on the effectiveness of the vaccine. At the same time, it successfully synthesized an antibody that could prevent multiple HIV infections of human lymphocytes. This is the first antibody in the world that has been developed for the VIH-1 viral envelope protein and can act on a variety of HIV viruses. Other achievements include the discovery of antimalarial substances in natural sponges in the deep waters of New Caledonia, which is conducive to the development of new antimalarial drugs; the successful decipherment of 40,000 American poplars in cooperation with various scientific teams from around the world. Genes complete the world's first sequencing of tree genome sequences; collaborated with US and Belgian counterparts to discover the protein NETRINE, which has an important guiding role in blood vessel growth, to discover the mechanisms that influence the control of the growth of the vascular system; to find that it can turn lethal water into lethal. A pathogen of Legionnaires' disease, and through genetic analysis, unveiled the mystery of its intrusion into the human body; and the collaboration with colleagues in Belgium and the U.S. to jointly decode the gene sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus that promoted yoghurt, helping to study how bacteria evolved. "Good bacteria" without any harm to health. (Mao Wenbo) Germany: Biopharmaceutical technology into research priorities The German government has launched a series of funding programs that will use basic innovation, technology platforms, sustainable biotechnology and modern food as basic research content. Among them, basic innovation focuses on the fields of living systems, neurobiology, human genes and plant genes, systems biology, etc. Platform technologies are mainly bioinformatics, protein technology, nanobiotechnology, tissue engineering, and research on mad cow disease. People generally divide biotechnology into "red biotechnology" (referring to biopharmaceutical technology), "green biotechnology" (agricultural and food biotechnology) and "gray biotechnology" (industrial, environmental biotechnology). Among them, red biotechnology is the focus of German biotechnology research, and the first place is pharmaceuticals, followed by bioassay reagents. About 56% of biotechnology companies are engaged in the development of molecular pharmaceutical technology, 25% of companies are engaged in the apparent improvement of plants and the modification of active ingredients, and about 19% of the companies are engaged in the development of plant growth and cultivation modification technologies. Overall, the focus of German biotechnology research and development is molecular pharmaceutical technology, which extracts drugs from transgenic plants and transgenic plant cells. In September 2001, Germany proposed an eco-agriculture program that aims to increase the proportion of agricultural ecological fields from 3.2% to 20% within 10 years. For this purpose, it invested 35 million euros in the past two years and set up a special committee to demonstrate ecological agriculture. The focus of the investment in ecological agriculture is to focus on the promotion of ecological agricultural technology, namely on the mind investment. From the current perspective, ecological agriculture technology is no longer a problem. The key is how to allow farmers to adopt lower-cost eco-agricultural production methods. (Ni Yonghua)