Carambola cultivation management technology
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First, the cultivation conditions. Four Seasons Red Carambola is a tropical evergreen fruit tree and should be cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Because of the high temperature and humidity, more shade-tolerant, avoid cold, drought, fear of the wind, suitable for deep fertility in the soil, adequate water, convenient drainage, leeward hillside cultivation south.
Second, planting time and methods. Planted with grafted seedlings to maintain good maternal quality. In addition to the cold weather, it can be planted throughout the year. The planting size is 34 meters or 35 meters, 40-50 plants per mu, and can be sparse after the tree crown is handed over. Planting methods: flat orchard planting depth of 0.6 meters wide, mountain orchard planting depth and width of each 1 meter, each hole compost 25 kg of compost, livestock manure 10 kg, 2 kg of bran fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate, lime each 1 Kilograms, mix well with the soil, and cultivate a mound that is 20 centimeters higher than the ground. Plant the soil after the soil sinks. When planting, pay attention to the rooting water, pour the water every other day until it survives.
Third, fertilizer and water management
1. Fertilization of young trees: The principle of diligence and thin application. Animal manure was administered 40 days after planting, applied once every 15 days, and a small amount of chemical fertilizer could be added. Before and after the winter solstice, soil miscellaneous fertilizer and superphosphate can be applied.
2, the results of tree fertilization: more than 1 year after planting results. 1 Tip-promoting flowering fertilizer: Applying available nitrogen fertilizer in April-May, combining organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, according to superphosphate, bran fertilizer, human excrement 2:3:100, 25-25 kg per plant. . 2 Keep fruit fertilizer: In June-July, when the thumb is being made, press the superphosphate, bran fertilizer, and human fecal urine 1:2:100 and apply 25-30 kg per plant. 3 strong fruit to promote flower fat: In August, the fruit shape and enrichment, another batch of flowers can continue to open and then applied again, with the same amount of fruit fertilizer. 4 to promote cooked fertilizer: In order to make the fruit early maturity and improve quality, apply 1 quick urea before maturity, 50 grams per plant, appropriate watering. 5 Over winter fertilizer: In December, heavy fertilizer was used, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for more than 25% of the annual fertilizer.
3, drainage irrigation: too wet or too dry caused by falling, falling fruit. Water should be poured during the dry season and drained during the rainy season.
Four, crown management
1. Pruning and pruning: Four-year-old red carambola saplings are plasticized to cultivate 3-5 evenly distributed main branches, and to create a round umbrella-shaped canopy with evenly distributed lateral branches and a solid structure. Carambola blossoms 4 times a year. Its pruning time and methods directly affect the result of flowering. The first trimming is performed around March of each year, and the fruit is harvested 10-15 days after fertilization is completed. The second time in about June. The third time during the first 20 days of dew exposure, pruning the branches within the crown should not generally be removed, but to retain 2 centimeters of branches, as the result of the branches.
2. Thinning fruit: When the results are too much, in order to promote fruit hypertrophy, fruit shape, improve economic value, should be sparse fruit, the object is abnormal fruit, young fruit, pests and fruit. Each fruit should be made 1-2 times, the first time about 3 cm in diameter, and the second time when bagging.
3, wind: due to the weak branches drooping, coupled with large and numerous fruits, vulnerable to wind damage, the typhoon season, around the crown with bamboo support groups.
V. Major pest control and harvesting
1. Main pest and disease control: The main pests and diseases are bird feather moth, leaf roller moth, fruit fly, poison moth, gum scale insect and caragana leaf spot and anthracnose. The main insecticides are 800 times the dichlorvos or 600 times the trichlorfon or 1500 times the enemy killed; the disease prevention drug has 600 times the carbendazim or 600 times the thiophanate methyl or 800 times the dexamethasone Ammonium and so on. 2. Harvest: Fruits are made separately by the four seasons, fruit is being made, taro fruit and snow sword fruit. The fruit is huge, contains much water, is thin, and easily rots. It is generally not appropriate to pick it when it is too ripe. Fruits are picked, graded, cleaned, and sterilized and then packed in cartons or wooden crates to hold the fruits in layers.