Penaeus vannamei is one of the excellent shrimp species with high aquaculture production. It has the advantages of rapid growth, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, delicious meat taste, and high meat processing rate. It is an excellent breed of intensive high-yield culture. In order to promote the ecological culture of ponds of Penaeus vannamei in South America, the main points of breeding techniques are summarized as follows:

Basic conditions

1 venue selection. The pollution-free South American white shrimp production base should be built in areas where there is no industrial “three wastes” and where agriculture, urban life, and medical waste are contaminated. Fresh water is abundant, fresh and pollution-free. The water quality complies with the Fishery Water Quality Standard (GB11607-1989) and the Water Quality Standard for Non-pollution Food Freshwater Aquaculture (NY5051-2001). Drainage and irrigation are convenient and transportation is convenient. 2 pond requirements. Shrimp pond area is suitable for 5 ~ 10 mu, rectangular, showing east-west is better, the water depth is more than 1.5 meters. The bottom of the pool is flat and does not leak. It is slightly inclined towards the outlet. Inlet and outlet are separate. 3 mechanical support. Must be equipped with aerators and generators, equipped with aerator per acre of power is about 1 kilowatts.

2. Preparation

1 The whole pond was dredged. Remove weeds and excess silt from the bottom of the pond, trim the pond, and expose the bottom of the pond to make the bottom of the pond dry. 2 Sterilization. About 15 days prior to planting, 80 to 100 kg of lime, or 10 kg of bleach, were used for disinfection to kill harmful organisms and pathogenic microorganisms in the pond. 3 shrimp pond water. When the medicinal properties of the clear ponds disappear, they can enter the water. When the water enters the water, a filter should be set at the inlet. For the first time, about 50 centimeters into the water, this is conducive to fertilization and cultivation of food organisms. Afterwards, gradually raise the water level until the water level reaches 80 to 100 cm. 4 Cultivate basic bait organisms. After the shrimp pond enters the water, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can be applied to cultivate the basic bait organisms, urea 3 kg/mu, superphosphate 0.5 kg/mu or Quanchiposa vigor bacteria 0.5 to 1 g/m3, making the pond water yellow-green Or tea brown, transparency 30 ~ 40 cm, pH value of about 8, in order to facilitate the growth of basic food organisms.

3. Shrimp stocking

1 shrimp selection. Shrimp should be strong in physique, responsive, complete appendages, body surface and appendages clean, normal appearance, uniform size, full and clear intestine, body transparency, body length of about 1 cm. 2 desalination processing. Before stocking, the seedlings need to be desalted through holding. The membrane can be used to enclose a certain area in the pond. Usually, 0.1 mu can be enclosed in the water surface per mu. The salt water is first transferred to the salinity similar to the nursery ground with coarse salt, and then the shrimp is put into temporary conservation. Naturally fade for 7 days before stocking. 3 stocking requirements. The release of seedlings should be done in the morning or evening of eye-catching days, and the water temperature should preferably be above 23°C. When stocking, allow shrimp to adapt to the water temperature in the pool and then slowly release it. In general, 40,000 to 60,000 shrimps are put on the mu. Use the same batch of shrimp seedlings in the same aquaculture pond, and put it in one go.

4. Feeding technology

In the breeding process, high-quality compound feeds should be used for feeding. The feed should be evenly distributed around the shrimp pond. Within 30 days after planting, the basic water-based food is rich, and it is fed twice daily; 30 to 60 days are fed 3 to 4 times a day, and in the later period it can be increased to 5 times. According to the living habits of P. vannamei in South America, it is appropriate to feed more or less in the morning and evening, and the amount of bait accounts for about 60% to 70% of the total daily dose. The specific amount of bait also needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the water quality, the weather, and the health status of the shrimp. When the water quality is good, feed more, and if the water quality is poor, feed less. When the weather is good, feed more, rainy days, typhoon days, less feeding on cold days. When the clams were fed less, the clams were fed more than one day later. There are less feeding or even feeding when there are residual baits.

5. Water Quality Management

1 Control the color. The color of the water should be yellow-green or dark brown, and the transparency of the water body should be 30-40 cm. If it does not meet the requirements, it may be filled with fresh water or using microbial preparations. 2 adjust the pH of the water body. When the pH of the water is between 7 and 8.5, it is most suitable for the growth of Penaeus vannamei. If the pH of the pool water fluctuates by more than 0.5 per day, it can be adjusted by changing the water, sprinkling the lime, etc. 3 improve the bottom material. In the middle and late breeding period, the environment at the bottom of the pond is relatively poor, and the photosynthetic bacteria can be used once every 20 days to improve the sediment quality once, and the amount added is 3 to 4 ml/m 3 . 4 Maintain dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen in the water during the whole breeding process should be kept above 5 mg/l. In the early stage of breeding, the aerator can be opened in time according to the water quality conditions. Afterwards, with the growth of the shrimp, the boot time and the number of times of starting the machine should be extended to ensure that there is enough dissolved oxygen in the pool.

6. Disease prevention and treatment

For the prevention and control of the diseases of P. vannamei in South America, the principles of “healthy breeding, scientific management, prevention-oriented, and comprehensive prevention and control” should be implemented so that disease-free prevention and disease early management can be implemented. Before the seedlings are planted, clearing ponds should be disinfected to create a good water environment for the growth of shrimps in the future. After the emergence of the seedlings, attention should be paid to adjusting the water quality of the shrimp ponds. Disinfect the water body with 0.2-0.3 mg/L bromochloroheine or dibromohydantoin once every 15 days. At the same time, it is necessary to change the water in a timely manner and in an appropriate amount to make the water clear, tender and cool. Usually pay attention to scientific feeding, reasonable feeding high-quality feed, try not to leave residual bait, keep shrimp pond bottom quality is good. When fed, regular supplements such as allicin, vitamin C, and active feed microorganisms can be added to the formulated feed to prevent the production of pathogens, enhance disease resistance, and promote growth. Once the disease has occurred, the cause should be immediately identified, the right medicine should be prescribed, and high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue fishery drugs should be selected, and biological agents should be used as far as possible. Stop the medication 1 month before harvest.

7. Harvest fishing

When the water temperature is below 16°C, all shrimp should be caught. According to the growth of shrimp, changes in water quality, weather, market conditions, etc., grasp the timing of fishing. It can be caught by cage trapping, net catching and dry pool catching.

1 cage trapping. Can catch large stay small, so that the shrimp market. Generally, when the pool water temperature is high and white shrimp activities are frequently used, the cage time should not exceed 2 hours each time. 2 Pull nets to arrest. In the shrimp pond, the pool bottom is flat, there is less silt, and the water temperature is lower. It is required to use a large catch once. 3 dry pool catch. In the case of white shrimps being arrested basically, especially when the white shrimps completely stop feeding and grow or develop severe disease, they should immediately release water for dry pool fishing.

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