Get out of the misunderstanding of chemical fertilizer
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December 17 06:01:26, 2018
At present, some farmers' friends still have some misunderstandings in the application of chemical fertilizers. This not only wastes manpower and material resources, reduces the utilization of chemical fertilizers, but also causes crop damage to varying degrees. The problems existing in the application of chemical fertilizers and the correct methods of use are briefly described as follows: l. Ammonium hydrogen carbonate superficial application and water repellent application Ammonium bicarbonate is made by absorbing carbon dioxide with ammonia, which has high volatility and relatively poor fertilizer efficiency. If the surface is shallow, large amounts of ammonia will escape when the temperature is high, which will not only harm the stems and leaves of the plants, but also reduce the fertilizer efficiency. Ammonium bicarbonate, if inadvertently adhered to crops, also causes different degrees of burns. If watered after fertilization, ammonia volatilization and loss of nitrogen can easily occur. The correct application method of ammonium bicarbonate should be done as base fertilizer and top dressing, not as fertilizer. When the base fertilizer is used, ammonium bicarbonate can be evenly spread on the surface in combination with the cultivated land, and then it can be turned into the soil and turned with it. When applying topdressing, deepen the ditch, apply a hole and cover the soil tightly. Deeply. The application of acupoints is superficial, and the utilization rate of fertilizers is increased by 10% to 30%; the yield is increased by about 10% compared with water pouring. 2, urea superficial application and watering immediately after application of urea is the highest nitrogen content of solid nitrogen fertilizer. Some people think that urea has good physical properties and is not as volatile as ammonium bicarbonate. When topdressing, topsoil is applied shallowly and the soil is not tight, and even the surface is removed. In fact, this is very unscientific. Urea belongs to the amylamide nitrogen fertilizer. Although urea molecules can be directly absorbed by crops when used as top-dressing fertilizer, they must be applied to the soil through the action of soil microorganisms and be converted into ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate before they can be absorbed and utilized by crops. If the surface is shallowly applied at 20°C for 4 to 5 days, and 30°C for 2 days, it can be completely converted to ammonium carbonate (or ammonium bicarbonate). These two substances are extremely unstable and decompose on the soil surface to form free ammonia. Loss of evaporation. If the amount of top dressing is large, the volatile ammonia will also damage the stems and leaves of the crop. In alkaline soils, the volatilization of ammonia is more pronounced. In addition, urea immediately after watering, but also easy to cause loss of leaching, so that fertilizer efficiency is reduced. Because urea is applied to the soil and dissolved molecularly in the soil solution, it should not be absorbed by the soil particles and flow with the water before it is transformed. The correct application method of urea is: as base fertilizer and top dressing, it is generally not used as seed fertilizer. Urea should be used as top-dressing fertilizer in dry fields. Corn, sorghum, millet and other crops can be planted or applied in caves at the time of jointing to booting. The depth is 8 to 10 cm, and compaction should be applied after application. Can not immediately watering after fertilization, summer 2 to 3 days, 6 to 8 days after the spring watering. If it is used as a seed fertilizer, it must be mixed with dry fines and applied at a certain distance under the seeds to avoid direct contact with the seeds and affect seed germination. (Yanshan County Agriculture Bureau Soil Fertilizer Station Li Bingyi 061300)