In recent years, with the continuous advancement of aquaculture techniques, various high-yield farming models have emerged across the country. These models typically focus on fish breeding to achieve stable and increased production. This method represents a significant shift from traditional practices that relied on feeding small amounts of bran or flour. Through careful signal training and acclimation, fish can now be guided by human signals to feed in designated areas at specific times, creating a more efficient and controlled feeding process.
To successfully implement this technology, several key factors must be considered. First, stocking density plays a crucial role. Ponds using conditional feeding techniques should primarily house predatory fish such as carp, tilapia, grass carp, catfish, whitefish, and bream. Filter-feeding fish should not exceed 30% of the total stock. For optimal results, the stocking density should be over 1,000 fish per 667 square meters, with a total weight exceeding 30–50 kilograms. The expected yield per pond should be 400–500 kilograms or more, ensuring that fish are conditioned to respond effectively in high-density environments.
Feed formulation is equally important. Different species require different nutritional compositions based on their developmental stage. For example, young carp need about 40% protein, while adult carp require above 30%. Grass carp need around 27%, and tilapia and head pupae require approximately 20%. Feeds should remain in pellet form for no longer than 10 minutes to avoid excessive water pollution. The size of the feed should match the mouth size of the fish and be adjusted as they grow.
The domestication process involves setting up a feeding station in the middle of the pond. Fish are introduced to this area after 2–3 days, and feeding begins with sound signals followed by small portions of bait. Over time, the feeding range is reduced until it's fixed at the station. As fish become accustomed, feeding intervals shorten, and the number of signals decreases. Bait should be scattered in a fan shape, with special attention given to smaller fish. Domestication requires patience and consistency, usually taking 15–20 minutes per session over 3–7 days. Smaller fish tend to adapt faster, forming stronger conditioned responses.
Feeding schedules depend on water temperature and fish size. Initially, fish are fed 4–5 times daily, but this reduces to 3–4 times during hot summer months. After September, feeding frequency drops to once or twice a day. The daily feeding rate is typically 2–6% of the total fish weight. Feeding stops when most fish are fully fed or when 80% of them are eating. Adjustments should be made based on feeding behavior, weather changes, and water quality.
Fixed-point feeding is essential for maintaining control. One feeding spot per pond is standard, with larger ponds having one every 3,500 square meters. Feeding should be consistent unless there are adverse conditions like extreme weather, poor water quality, or unusual fish behavior. In such cases, feeding should be reduced, and corrective measures taken. A calm environment is necessary to prevent disturbances.
Maintaining good water quality is critical. Excess feed and organic matter can lead to poor water conditions, reducing dissolved oxygen and increasing harmful gases. Freshwater should be flushed every 5–10 days to keep the pond clean. Fertilizers are generally avoided, or used minimally, with some filter-feeding fish added to help manage plankton and debris. This not only improves water quality but also increases the yield of filter-feeding fish by 150–300 kg per 667 square meters.
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