Water quality management in plug seedlings and flower production
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July 30 11:15:13, 2025
Water quality plays a crucial role in the successful production of plug seedlings and flower grasses. Growers often face challenges related to the water they use, which can significantly impact plant health and growth. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of key water quality parameters and how they affect plant development. Understanding these factors enables growers to make informed decisions and optimize their irrigation practices.
One of the most important water quality indicators is alkalinity, which is primarily determined by calcium carbonate (lime) dissolved in the water. High-alkalinity water can raise the pH of the growing medium over time, potentially leading to nutrient imbalances. Alkalinity is mainly composed of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and sodium carbonate. While calcium and magnesium are essential for root and shoot development, excessive sodium can be detrimental. For plug seedlings, an ideal calcium concentration in irrigation water ranges from 60 to 80 ppm, while grasses require 80 to 120 ppm.
Low-alkalinity water, on the other hand, lacks buffering capacity, making it more prone to rapid pH fluctuations when acidic fertilizers are used. This can lead to problems such as calcium deficiency or trace element toxicity, especially in sensitive plants like marigolds, geraniums, and impatiens. To address this, growers may add calcium sulfate (gypsum) to the substrate at a rate of approximately 0.6 kg/m³. Gypsum not only provides calcium but also sulfur, which many plants lack. However, it increases the electrical conductivity (EC) of the medium, so careful monitoring is required.
For high-alkalinity water, acidification is often necessary to neutralize the excess lime. Common acids used include citric, sulfuric, and nitric acid. Citric acid is a safe, organic option that promotes root growth and improves trace element uptake without harming the plant. Sulfuric acid is widely used but must be handled with care due to its corrosive nature. Nitric acid offers a balanced approach, improving calcium absorption while maintaining proper nitrogen levels in the water.
Calcium, magnesium, sodium, and boron are four critical elements that should be regularly tested in water, substrates, and plant tissues. These elements form the foundation of a well-balanced fertilization program. Calcium supports root development, magnesium aids in chlorophyll production, and boron is essential for sugar transport. Sodium, however, should be kept below 40 ppm to avoid competition with other nutrients.
Many commercial fertilizers, such as 20-20-20 and 20-10-20, lack calcium and contain high levels of phosphorus, which can inhibit calcium uptake. This can lead to calcium deficiency symptoms in plants. Growers should choose fertilizers based on the specific needs of their crops and environmental conditions.
In addition to chemical parameters, water temperature also affects plant growth. For example, impatiens thrive in water temperatures between 18°C and 21°C, while petunia seeds benefit from warmer water (around 30°C) to aid germination. Water temperature can also influence the growth of begonias, causing uneven development if not properly managed.
Finally, the electrical conductivity (EC) of the water is an important factor to monitor, especially for salt-sensitive species. High EC levels can cause root burn and even plant death. Growers should take measures such as leaching, using reverse osmosis, or changing water sources when EC levels are too high.
By understanding and managing these water quality parameters, growers can create optimal growing conditions, ensuring healthy and vigorous plant development.