Hawthorn is a unique fruit tree native to China. It has many advantages such as long life, early results, easy cultivation, strong adaptability, and fruit storage and transportation.

Hawthorn's fruit is rich in nutrients, rich in carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, calcium, iron, phosphorus and other essential minerals, especially iron and calcium and vitamin C, carotene, riboflavin and other high levels. In addition, hawthorn has strong medicinal value, and has a variety of functions such as appetite and spleen, phlegm stasis, anti-inflammatory and cough relieving, and detoxification and hemostasis.

First, hawthorn needs fertilizer characteristics

(1) Hawthorn's requirements for the environment Hawthorn has strong adaptability, strong tree vigor, and strong resistance. Plains and mountains can be cultivated. In contrast, Hawthorn prefers a cool, humid microclimate. In terms of soil conditions, soils with neutral or slightly acidic soils are preferred for soils with loamy soils, and those with alkaline soils or soils with more viscous soils tend to have poor growth and poor quality.

(b) Nutritional characteristics of hawthorn

1. Root Characteristics of Hawthorn Hawthorn Hawthorn has strong root growth ability, but its main root is underdeveloped and its lateral roots are shallowly distributed. There are three peaks of root development in the northern region in one year: the first time the ground temperature rises to about 6°C to the beginning of May. After the roots begin to grow, the density of the absorption roots gradually increases until it reaches the peak at the time of germination, and then gradually decreases. . The second time in July, the absorption root increased sharply, and it quickly entered the peak of hair rooting, and then gradually declined into the slow period. The third miscellaneous months from September to October, long hair roots, strength is small.

2. Hawthorn nutrition characteristics Hawthorn's tree has the characteristics of storage nutrition. The amount of nutrients stored in the tree in the previous year directly affects the nutrient status of the tree, not only affects the uniformity of budding and flowering, but also affects the fruit setting rate and the fruit's growth and development. The amount of nutrients stored that year directly affects the growth and flowering results of hawthorn trees in the following year. Improper management can easily cause instability or low yield of hawthorn.

Hawthorn grows more vigorously, has stronger branching ability, and has a longer differentiation time for flower buds. It was completed from around August of that year to March and April of the second year. And the full growth and development of branches can be the result of the mother. In terms of the growth and development of hawthorn, the amount of nitrogen and potassium needed is high, and the demand for phosphorus is relatively small.

The roots of hawthorn trees are prone to adventitious buds and root seedlings, resulting in greater consumption of organic nutrients for the trees and affecting the growth and yield of hawthorn.

There are many varieties of hawthorn, and due to the differences in varieties, their ability to adapt to the environment is also quite different, and there are also great differences in the ability to absorb nutrients and fertility tolerance. Therefore, attention should be paid to production.

Second, hawthorn fertilizer technology

(I) Fertilizer Amount and Ratio Hawthorn is more resistant to barrenness, and its requirements for soil nutrient content are less urgent than other fruit trees. Therefore, extensive management in production has a certain influence on the yield and quality of hawthorn. Studies have shown that: After fertilizing the soil to increase nutrient content, it has a significant role in promoting the growth and quality of hawthorn. In general, the ratio of NPK fertilizer required for hawthorn is: 1.5:1:2. The specific amount of the fertilizer needs to be determined flexibly according to the nutrient supply capacity of the soil, the age of the tree, the characteristics of the variety, the level of the yield, and the climate factor. In the orchards with low soil fertility, high tree age, and high yield, the fertilization amount should be higher; the fertilization amount in the orchards with high soil fertility, small age, and low yield should be appropriately reduced. The varieties are more resistant to fertilizers, suitable for climatic conditions, and have a higher amount of water for moderate fertilizers. On the contrary, the amount of fertilizers should be appropriately reduced. If the application amount of organic fertilizer is more, the application amount of chemical fertilizer should be less.

(II) Fertilizer application methods and methods Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied to adult hawthorn ranges from 0.25 to 2 kg for nitrogen fertilizer and 0.3 to 1.0 kg for phosphorus phosphorus pentoxide. Potash is 0.25 to 2.0 kg in terms of potassium oxide.

Hawthorn fertilization period mainly includes basal fertilizer, top-dressing at flowering stage, top-dressing at fruit enlargement stage, and top-dressing at fruit enlargement stage.

1. The use of basal fertilizer is best performed in the late autumn when the fruit is harvested. This can promote the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by the tree, which is conducive to the differentiation of flower buds. The application of basal fertilizer is preferably based on organic fertilizer, with a certain amount of chemical fertilizer. The amount of chemical fertilizer is: Nitrogen fertilizer used as base fertilizer generally accounts for about half of the annual application amount, equivalent to 0.25 to 1.0 kg of urea or 0.7 to 5.0 kg of ammonium bicarbonate; phosphate fertilizer is mainly used as base fertilizer, accounting for about 80% of the annual application amount. It is equivalent to applying 1.0 to 5.0 kg of superphosphate containing 16% of phosphorus pentoxide. The amount of potash used in basal fertilizers is generally 0.25-2.0 kg of potassium sulfate or 0.25-1.5 kg of potassium chloride. The application amount is determined based on the size of the fruit tree and the yield of the hawthorn. Open 20 to 40 centimeters into the ditch, be careful not to get too close to the tree, first mix the chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer or soil and then apply it into the ditch so as not to burn the roots.

2. The topdressing fertilizer during flowering is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, which is generally about 25% of the annual application amount, which is equivalent to 0.1 to 0.5 kg of urea or 0.3 to 1.3 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per plant. According to the actual situation can also be appropriate with the application of a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Combine irrigation with a small ditch.

3. In the early stage of fruit enlargement, top dressing is mainly for the early differentiation of flower buds to improve the nutrient conditions. Generally, it is based on the soil fertility status and basic fertilizer and flowering top dressing. The soil is more fertile, and the base fertilizer and the top-dressing at the flowering stage may not be applied or applied less, the soil is relatively poor, and the base fertilizer or the top-dressing at the flowering stage is less or may not be applied properly. The application rate is generally 0.1-0.4 kg urea or 0.3-1.0 kg ammonium bicarbonate per plant.

4. In the fruit enlargement period, topdressing fertilizer is dominated by potash fertilizer. Applying a certain amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is mainly to promote the growth of fruits, increase the carbohydrate content of the cornus, increase the yield and improve the quality. The amount of potassium fertilizer per fruit tree is generally 0.2-0.5 kg of potassium sulfate, with 0.25-0.5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 0.5-1.0 kg of superphosphate.

Hawthorn has less demand for trace element fertilizers, mainly relying on organic fertilizers and soils. If organic fertilizers are used more, they may not be applied or micro-nutrient fertilizers may be applied. Organic fertilizers may be used less frequently to apply trace element fertilizers. The amount of trace fertilizer is calculated based on the specific fertilizer as basal fertilizer; 667 m2 borax 0.25-0.5 kg, zinc sulfate 667 m2 2 4 4 kg, manganese sulfate 667 m2 1-2 kg, ferrous sulfate 667 m 2 The dosage is 5~10kg (it should be used together with high-quality organic fertilizer, the ratio of organic fertilizer and iron fertilizer is 5:1). The micro-fertilizer can also be foliar spraying. The spraying concentration is controlled according to the aging degree of the leaf. 0.1% ~ 0.5%, thin leaves should be thin when tender, older leaves can be thicker.

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