High-yielding dairy cows of different ages

During the dry period (15 days before milking is stopped until the point of withdrawal), the diet should be dominated by high-quality green hay, and be fed with appropriate amount of green feed, tuber feed and concentrate. The feed should not be overdone, and the general mixed concentrate should be 2 .5 kg or so. During the late period of dry milk, it is necessary to increase dietary nutrition and reduce the amount of calcium in the mixed concentrate to meet the postnatal needs of dairy cows. The fine and coarse feed ratio at this stage is determined to be about 3:7.

Perinatal period (15 days before and after delivery) The amount of concentrate feeding should be gradually increased for the cows before delivery, but the maximum amount of feed should not exceed 1% of the weight of the cow (for cows with severe prenatal edema, it is not appropriate to feed concentrate more), At the same time, reduce salt feeding to prevent cows from constipation. After the childbirth, drink hot bran and salt calcium soup 10-20 kg (500 grams of bran, 50 grams of salt, 50 grams of calcium carbonate) to facilitate the recovery of the cow's strength and expel the baby's clothing. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio was adjusted to 3:1 within 1 week after delivery.

The period of lactation (16 to 100 days after childbirth) The nutritional needs of this stage, part of the recovery of constitution, but also to meet the needs of milk production. Cows reach the peak of lactation at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. At this time, they can be fed by guided feeding, which is the fifth day after giving birth. The cows are fed with high-quality hay and sufficient drinking water, and the amount of concentrate is increased by 0.5 kg per day. To raise the standard 1.2 times, until the lactation level no longer rises, then begin normal feeding. At this time, the amount of concentrate feed should be 2.5 kg of basic material, and 1 kg of fine material per 2.5 kg of milk produced. The ratio of fine and coarse feed is 5:5.

Mid-lactation (101 to 200 days after childbirth) The intake of cows at this stage increases, the amount of concentrates fed should be reduced from the previous period, the ratio of refined to coarse material is 4:6, and the dry matter intake is 3.5% to 4 of body weight. .5%. During the period, the milk production of dairy cows has steadily decreased, and the monthly decline is 5% to 7%. Therefore, various effective measures should be taken to reduce milk production as much as possible.

Late lactation (201 days postpartum to before dry period) The milk production at this stage has dropped significantly (decrease 8% to 12% per month), the amount of concentrate feed should be reduced appropriately, and the amount of refined and coarse feed should be 35 :65 is appropriate. However, the amount of concentrate feeding should be increased by about 1 kilogram in the first month before the age of 1,000 to ensure that the fetus develops nutrients.

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