How to protect pigs from the cold during winter is a top priority for pig farmers. Pigs are sensitive to cold weather, and if not properly managed, they can easily fall ill, which negatively affects their growth and weight gain. By scientifically managing the temperature in the pigpen, farmers can ensure that pigs stay healthy and grow efficiently, which directly impacts their profitability. According to experts, there are six key strategies to help keep pigs warm during the winter.
First, constructing plastic shelters over the pens is an effective method. These shelters are transparent, allowing sunlight to enter and trap heat, raising the temperature inside by about 5°C to 7°C. They are also cost-effective, easy to build, and provide quick results. Depending on local conditions, farmers can choose simple designs such as flat-roofed, ridge-type, umbrella-shaped, or single-slope greenhouses. It's important to leave a ventilation window on the southern side to allow for proper air circulation.
Second, adding an insulation layer to the ceiling of enclosed pig houses can significantly improve warmth. Farmers can use materials like sawdust, rice husks, or straw inside the shelter, and place hay or soft straw on the floor to absorb moisture and maintain dryness. A small vent should be installed in the ceiling to remove ammonia and excess humidity.
Third, covering the pig bedding with a thick layer of soft hay or straw (15–20 cm) helps absorb urine and moisture. Regularly checking and replacing wet areas is essential to keep the pigs comfortable and dry. This practice prevents health issues caused by damp environments.
Fourth, grouping pigs together instead of keeping them separate can help raise the ambient temperature. By increasing the number of pigs in the house by 30% to 50%, the warmth generated by their bodies can naturally raise the overall temperature, making it more comfortable for them.
Fifth, repairing the pig house to prevent cold drafts is crucial. Using wooden boards, straw curtains, plastic sheets, or straw bales to seal gaps can help retain heat. However, windows and ventilation holes should still be left open to ensure proper air flow and prevent the buildup of harmful gases.
Lastly, careful feeding plays a vital role in keeping pigs warm. Increasing the amount of energy-rich feed, such as corn and sorghum, and providing warm water can boost their immunity and cold resistance. Fermented feed can also be beneficial, and ensuring adequate nutrition helps pigs grow faster and stay healthier throughout the winter.
By implementing these methods, pig farmers can create a warmer, safer environment for their animals, leading to better growth and higher profits.