Planting methods and methods of peas
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1. Rotation of crop rotation In the long-term cultivation practice, many rotation modes have been created in various parts of China. To sum up, there are mainly:
(1) Southern model: The rice crops that are two or three ripe a year in the south, such as Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan, have abundant hydrothermal resources and superior natural conditions. With more people and less land, the species has a higher species index, regardless of whether it is a double-season continuous cropping area or a single-crop area, the winter leisure time usually has 4 to 5 months, and the average temperature in the winter season is 9 to 14 degrees Celsius, which is an ideal growth for cold-season crops. Season, peas is one of the main winter crops in these areas, dry peas three rounds, yield per hectare is often more than 1500kg, it is more suitable to take green peas. The common rotation is:
The first year: peas (broad bean or green manure) - early rice - late rice (or single crop rice);
Second year: Large (wheat) - Early rice - Late rice (or single crop rice);
The third year: rape - early rice - late rice (or single crop rice).
(2) Northern model: only spring sowing in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi Yanbei area, Hebei Zhangjiakou area, northeastern provinces and cities near northwestern China, etc. The peas or corn, spring wheat, oats, barley, rapeseed, faba bean, potato and so on in the annual season mainly include:
Peas - corn - corn peas - rapeseed - spring wheat peas - spring wheat - potato peas - barley - corn three or four rounds. The pea dry grain yield often exceeds 2200kg per hectare; in Qinghai and Gansu Province, the pea yield is more than 3000kg per hectare.
2. Intercropping and Intercropping In order to make better use of natural conditions such as light, temperature, water, and soil, peas and other crops are mixed, intercropped, and interplanted in many areas to suppress weed growth, reduce pests and diseases, and increase the number of pests. Annual production per unit area.
(1) Mixture: This is a relatively old way of planting. There are still certain areas in Henan, Qinghai, and Gansu. Mixing peas with spring wheat, barley or barley is common. In general, the mature period of peas and spring wheat, barley or barley should be basically the same during mixed cropping. Dwarf erect varieties should be adopted, and the proportion of seeds should be paid attention to at the same time. The ratio of bean and wheat sowing was better at a ratio of 3:7. Excessive ratio of peas was likely to cause lodging of the wheat. When mixed, yields generally increase when compared to unicast wheat or peas. When mature, they are harvested together, mixed with threshing, milled together and made into a staple food to improve their nutritional quality. However, this method does not increase production, and it is not suitable for mechanized threshing.
(2) Intercropping: Intercropping is better than hybrid cropping rotation mode, which is conducive to the full use of land, the adjustment of crops to light, temperature, water, fertilizer needs, in the management, harvesting, threshing, etc. than to facilitate mixing, can Increase unit area output and output value.
In Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and other provinces, peas have always been the habit of spring wheat and rapeseed intercropping. In order to overcome the contradiction between the growth period of the front and rear crops, the practice of interplanting peas with the next season crops is more common and the forms are also varied. There are mainly "pea corn", "pea potato", "pea sunflower" and so on. On the southeastern coast of China, such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other provinces, and Henan, Anhui and other inland provinces of cotton, "cotton cotton" interplanting was once its main cultivation method, is now exploring a new model of three-dimensional agriculture, toward the "early - The late, “high-dwarf†and “legume-non-legume crops†have been transitioned into new modes, sets, and crop rotations. The peas have become a promising crop in the new model.