One month before the slaughter of beef cattle was the later period of fattening. This stage is a crucial period for improving the quality of beef, ensuring the safety of beef, and increasing carcass weight and net meat rate. For small and medium-sized beef cattle farmers with low feeding and management levels, this is related to the availability of high prices for fattening cattle. An important period of high efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the feeding and management at this stage.

Generally speaking, after transitioning from shelf cows (bovines with high skeletal and visceral growth stages) to the fattening farm, after 3-4 months of short-term intensive fattening, they can quickly achieve the purpose of increasing meat and increasing glutinous rice. Households profit from this, which is a general statement of the two-stage model of “shelf-finishing” in beef cattle production. In fact, this phase of the fattening period needs to be subdivided, and it should also be divided into three stages: the front, middle and late stages. At present, most domestic cattle farms have adopted such feeding strategies. The cattle raised into shelves are converted into fattening. The early growth is mainly manifested in muscle growth, and little fat is accumulated. Feeding does not require excessive feed nutrients and fats, and can avoid affecting the subsequent digestion and absorption, resulting in excessive consumption of feed. This period should be based on its strong ability to digest, to provide a large number of nutrient-rich roughage and a moderate amount of protein-containing concentrate feed, and to give adequate drinking water; cattle show rapid weight gain, appearance changes, short-term "a ","forming". This stage of breeding feed weight gain ratio is cost-effective, if at this time slaughter is not on the calculation, the performance of the meat out of the poor performance, poor meat quality, not on the high-end, can not sell a good price. This is what people usually call "water maggots" or "virtual blasphemy." Strictly speaking, the fattening cycle has not been completed at this time and should not be slaughtered.

Since the beginning of the year, the author contacted a number of cattle farmers in the Shanghe River. This phenomenon is more prominent and the farms suffer a lot. Some time ago, there were 3 slaughter fattened cattle, of which 12 (not including 51%, 5 were not growing) with a stubble rate of 51% or less, which accounted for 20.6% of slaughter output; 55%, 3 heads up to 58%) accounted for 27.5% of the total slaughter; the remaining exits were between 30 and 54%. The difference between the better and the worse two cattle prices is as high as 1.00 yuan/kg, which is a great disparity. Of course, it is not objective to require the export rate to reach a high level, but it should not be difficult to achieve 55% (the domestic trial grading standard is 8 points). For example, 27.5% of the above cows were obtained under normal feeding conditions. Calculating the efficiency of each cow, for example, the current acquisition method of the Hengdian Company's plain slaughterhouse, excluding other income or savings, single out the increase rate, and the difference between the average income of each cow at the two levels can reach 182.66 yuan. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the rearing and management, even if it is more costly. For example, if two kilos of fine material are put into each cow every day, the increase in cost is 2kg for 30 days and 1.30 yuan for 78.00 yuan, which can still increase the profit of 100 yuan compared with the 182.66 yuan for the fare increase. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the management of fattening late.

To strengthen rearing and management of fattening cattle, in addition to doing routine work, attention should be paid to the following points:

1. Grasp the fattening rate of the slaughtered cattle. The fattening cattle can be slaughtered in a timely manner if they reach the following conditions: 1 The skin is less, the body is full, and the star's bones are not exposed; 2 The feed intake is reduced, the abdomen is reduced, and the cows do not want to move; 3 The hips are full, and the tail is on both sides Obvious protrusions are seen; 4 The front of the chest is prominent and the circle is large; 5 The skin of the crotch is tight, and the hand pressure is thick.

2, the late fattening should be properly centralized and unified management. For the following cases of cattle: 1 Unexplained reasons to reduce food and sleep; 2 to meet the weight requirements; 3 or other need to fatten the slaughter, should be properly centralized, do a good job in the last month of unified feeding, unified management, in order to play The maximum effectiveness of avoiding other cows is premature obesity.

3, feeding technology. 1 to increase dietary energy: late fattening beef concentrate formula should be set up separately, highlighting the energy substance, conditions can permit the addition of a small amount of animal and vegetable fats (1 to 3% of the concentrate can be), appropriate to reduce the amount of protein, while paying attention to meet The supply of minerals and vitamins and other nutrients; 2 Forage ratio: Forage concentrate supply ratio is not higher than 4:6 (dry basis); 3 Concentrate usage: Weight 500 kg For fattening cattle daily supply of mixed concentrate is not less than 6 Kg / head, if the maximum amount of total diet can account for 85% of the dry matter of the diet; 4 Forage requirements: large energy, easy to digest, good palatability, high biological value; 5 to cattle Quiet environment, less bombardment, scaring, to ensure that the cattle bed, sports field, soft and sanitary. 6 Observe the change of feed intake and feces of cattle, and deal with the abnormal problems in time; 7 prohibit the use of antibiotics or drugs and additives that do not meet the requirements.

The farms do a good job in the rearing and management of the fattening. At the same time, they must pay attention to selling the slaughter cattle to the slaughter companies with strict grading and high credit. Such enterprises can implement preferential prices and can guarantee the interests of farmers. Only in this way can cattle farmers get real benefits.

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