Standardizing Agricultural Measures to Prevent Weedy Rice
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At present, the common weedy rice in production has two types of tall stalk and dwarf, all of which are sorghum and have the growth characteristics of hybrid indica rice. At the seedling stage, the leaves are fast and have more tillers. After jointing, they grow rapidly. The plant height is significantly higher than that of the conventional japonica rice varieties. The leaves are long and wide, the leaf color is light, and the plant type is loose. The plant height of high-stem type weedy rice plants is higher than that of conventional japonica rice, and the number of spikes per plant is slightly more than that of conventional japonica rice. The heading stage is 5 to 7 days earlier, the functional leaves are aging faster, and the dwarf weedy rice plants are slightly taller. The plant type is loose, the tillers are more than one ear, and the performance is obvious in the field. Weedy rice has a large ear and a large number of grains per panicle. Rice grains are slender, awned, and have a low 1000-grain weight. They have a fast grain filling, and are strong in falling grains. The husk is golden yellow or brown, brown rice is mostly reddish-brown, light brown or tan, and the palatability of rice is poor.
The sources of weedy rice are the following: First, the seeds of hybrid medium japonica rice are left in the soil and separated under special conditions; second, the mobile operation of harvesting machinery is brought from outside; and thirdly, the kinship is relatively distant. The inter-hybrid mutations were isolated; the fourth was the inheritance of the ancestors caused by natural variation; and the fifth was the seed miscellaneous. Because of its maturity earlier than the cultivation of rice, easy to drop, there is dormancy, a small amount of weedy rice seeds fall into the field at the time of harvest, the amount of accumulation over the years increased year by year. In rice fields with different cultivation methods, the degree of occurrence of weedy rice from heavy to light was wheat introgression, direct seeding rice, cast transplanted rice and transplanted rice in order. The main reason was that nesting and live broadcasting provided favorable conditions for the occurrence of weedy rice. In the past year, the weedy rice that was distributed on the soil surface in the field was easy to germinate under conditions of shallow or no rotation.
To prevent and control weedy rice, we must guard against seed mixing and at the same time cooperate with field management. (1) Manually removed. In the lighter field of weedy rice, an abnormal rice plant was found in the field from the 3rd leaf stage to the end of tillering stage, so that “pull early, pull small and pull outâ€. In the middle to late period, rice in the field grows lushly, and the removal of weedy rice is more laborious and can be removed with a sickle. Try to cut the mud or cut it into the mud to cut off the weedy rice, so as to avoid its re-growth and heading and fruiting. The weedy rice that was discarded was concentrated away from the farmland. (2) Deep plowing. The weedy rice and cultivated rice have similar physiological and biochemical characteristics and can not be controlled by selective herbicides. The heavy fields must be ploughed, the tillage depth is more than 10 cm, and the weedy rice seeds that fall on the soil surface are buried in the lower layer. Make it in an unfavorable environment and cannot germinate seedlings. (3) Adjust the planting method. For heavy grass crops with weedy rice, the next year's rice planting should be selected for transplanting with no weedy rice in the field, and the water layer established after transplanting can effectively control the occurrence of weedy rice.