Two major factors affecting nitrogen fertilizer efficiency

Soil properties. First consider the nitrogen level of the soil itself, apply nitrogen fertilizer according to local conditions. According to the condition of soil fertility, the amount of fertilization was determined. The plot with high fertility was less applied and the plot with lower fertility was applied. The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer distributed to middle and low fertility fields is greater than that of high fertility fields. Because the yield potential of medium and low fertility blocks is greater than that of high fertility blocks, according to the results of multi-year fertilizer tests across the country, 4 kilograms of rice per kilogram of nitrogen, 5 kilograms of wheat, and 5.5 kilograms of corn per kilogram of nitrogen in middle and low fields are higher than in high yield areas. Great potential.

The soil is also highly selective for different types of nitrogen fertilizers. Acidic soils can be selected from alkaline and physiological alkaline fertilizers and neutral fertilizers such as ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate, urea, and calcium nitrate. Applying these fertilizers can reduce soil acidity. Or does not cause the increase of soil acidity, but also conducive to the absorption of nitrate nitrogen. Acidic fertilizers and physiological acid fertilizers can be selected on alkaline soils. For example, ammonium sulfate can neutralize the alkalinity of soil, which is conducive to the absorption of ammonium nitrogen by crops. At the same time, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate fertilizers should not be used in alkaline soils to avoid soils. The accumulation of salt causes salinization.

The profile and texture of the soil profile affect the soil's ability to retain fertilizer. The profile of the soil profile is soil that is viscous (heavy), sandy (light), or sandy in nature, and has poor fertility and nutrient leaching. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer should be used on sandy soil for a small number of times, and basic fertilizer should be used less frequently. , Increase the number of topdressing, and is not suitable for application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. The profile of the soil profile is soil with a medium or thick texture under the upper sand, which has a strong ability to retain water and fertility. Therefore, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used as a base fertilizer can be relatively increased, and the number of top dressings should be appropriately reduced.

The nutritional characteristics of the crop. Crops are also selective for nitrogen fertilizers. Different crop types have different choices for nitrogen fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate is applied to fruit trees, vegetables, and tobacco to improve the yield of crops and improve quality. Potatoes and garlic are hi-sulfur crops, and the application of ammonium sulfate to increase yield is better. Potatoes, fruit trees, tobacco and other crops must not apply ammonium chloride. In urea nitrogen, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonia are suitable for various crops and have no obvious selectivity.

Different crops have different nitrogen fertilizer requirements. Rice, wheat, sorghum, corn and other cereal crops, as well as cotton, vegetables, and fruit trees are more nitrogen-needed crops, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be greater. Soybeans, peanuts, and other legume crops have symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia, and the requirements for nitrogen are not urgent and can be applied with little or no nitrogen fertilizer. Different varieties of the same crop require different fertilizers. Hybrid rice and japonica rice in rice have more developed root systems and more nitrogen is absorbed and required than conventional rice. According to the experiment, the hybrid early rice yields 500 kg per mu and absorbs 9.1-9.75 kg of nitrogen, while conventional rice absorbs 7.8-9.55 kg. Therefore, the distribution of nitrogen fertilizer should be combined with the characteristics of crops to meet the needs of various crop growth and development.

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