I. Selection

1, screening. When the number of insects, erythroids, conifers, and live worms mixed in the seeds is large, sifting methods may be used to remove the pests and diseases that are contained in the seeds. When sifting, according to the size and shape of the seed and the removed material, a suitable sieve is selected to meet the requirements. At the same time, it is also possible to use the physical action of the sieve rotation to remove the unfilled seed particles and other impurities.

2, wind election. Sick seeds or pathogens are often lighter than healthy seeds. Therefore, you can rely on fans or natural wind to separate light and heavy seeds and pathogens and other debris. However, it should be emphasized that with this method, only some diseases or pathogens can be eliminated.

3, hand election. When the amount of seeds is small, experienced personnel can be asked to look through the naked eye or with a magnifying glass, and the pests, worms, insects, and pods can be selected.

4, water election. Use the principle of specific gravity to eliminate diseased grains, worms and other inclusions. Common water selection and brine selection. 1 Clear water selection: When the weather is dry, put enough water in the container and pour the seeds. After stirring, remove the lighter species and impurities floating on the top of the container, and then remove the sinking seeds to dry. The operation should be rapid so as to prevent pathogens from soaking for a long time and sinking, thus affecting the effect of water selection. 2 Saltwater selection: Comparing with Qingshui, the residue can be more completely separated and the result of the selection is more refined. The concentration of brine should be determined according to the species and the requirements for the treatment. For example, the broad seeds can be floated with 10%-20% saline; for Caragana and Saponin seeds, 0.5%-1% saline is selected. The brine treatment time should not be too long, otherwise it will affect the treatment effect and seed germination. Treated seeds should be rinsed thoroughly with clean water and dried thoroughly.

Second, warm water treatment

The heat of warm water is used to kill germs and pests attached to the seed surface and hidden inside the seeds.

When using this method, the appropriate temperature should be used in the case of killing insects and bacteria without damaging the seed germs according to the object to be treated by different seeds. For the larch seeds, the cones are first soaked in warm water at 30°C to 40°C for 10 minutes, then dried in a room at 50°C to 55°C for 3 days to 4 days. After the fruit scales are dry, the threshing can be removed. The broad-shouldered wasp larvae of the dying genus; for the locust seeds, hot-watering at 80°C to 100°C for 1 minute to 3 minutes can kill the locust seed larvae; for the mulberry seeds, the heat at 80°C can be used. Seed soaking in water for 1 minute to 3 minutes can be used to persevere the seeds of the magnolia seedlings, etc. in the seeds. Seeds that have been treated with warm water must be promptly dried and stored for future use.

Third, the drug treatment

1, drug seed dressing. For some kind of actual pests, chemicals may be sprayed on the seed heap, mixed well, and the pests may be killed, and the smoke may also be used to fumigate in the warehouse.

2, pharmacy soaking. The commonly used soaking agents are formalin, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, bleaching powder, lime water, etc. The soaking time and the concentration of the agent differ depending on the seed and the pathogen, and need to be determined through experiments. For example, seed of rotten plants should be soaked with 0.5% potassium permanganate for 15 minutes to 30 minutes, and then immersed in 40% formaldehyde solution for 15 minutes. After removal, they should be accumulated for 2 hours and rinsed with water twice to kill them. pathogen.

3, pharmaceutical fumigation. Fumigation is an important measure for the treatment of seed pests and is mainly used to control pests. Commonly used agents are methyl bromide, chloropicrin, aluminum phosphide, carbon disulfide and sulfuryl fluoride. Vaporize one or more of the agents at room temperature, emit toxic gases, and mix them in the air to reach a certain concentration, causing the insects to become poisoned.

Fourth, microwave processing

The method has the advantages of high speed, good effect, no residue, and easy operation, but it must have a special microwave heater. Microwave heating can kill insects, can also be sterilized, when used, according to different seeds and pests, using appropriate power, temperature and time for treatment, to eliminate insect sterilization without harming the purpose of seed germination. Such as the use of microwave power heating equipment 0. 5kw, processing seeds 500g-750g per treatment, temperature 60 °C -70 °C, after 45 seconds -60 seconds, the seeds of the seeds of the Locust Beetle, Amorpha bean cardamom , Caragana bean pods have a 100% killing effect, but no adverse effects on the seed germination and seedling growth.

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