Garden mulberry and its cultivation techniques

Garden mulberry trees and their cultivation techniques In the process of rapid industrialization of mulberry trees, a variety of projects with broad prospects have recently been introduced, one of which is the development of garden mulberry trees. The use of mulberry for gardening is common in many parts of Europe and the United States. There are streetscapes, landscapes, or parks, or beautification villas. The results are ideal. Daxing District in Beijing has a 1,000-mu “Ganglin Ancient Mulberry Garden”, which attracts a large number of tourists and citizens for sightseeing every year. In the years of mulberry research, we collected a large number of varieties of resources, from which a number of mulberry varieties suitable for garden applications were selected and the cultivation techniques were studied. Now we have an exchange of ideas with our peers. 1. Longsang 1.1 Longsang's gardening effect branches circling like a dragon's walking dragon's mulberry, unique in the garden tree species, outstanding features. First of all, the branches of this mulberry tree are unique and beautiful, and they are very beautiful both in the leaf stage and in the fallen leaves. Fold off a few branches (remove the skin) and insert it in the vase with flowers. Second, the mulberry leaves are green and the mulberry is bright red, which has both greening effects and benefits as a sightseeing orchard. "Long mulberry" has strong adaptability to the environment. It is resistant to drought, cold, thin and resistant to pruning. It can be cultivated into medium-dry tree or high-dry arbor. It is suitable for planting into rows and rows. The Beijing Longlong Sang Tourist Park and the Shenyang Yilong Sangzhi Branch (flower and flower) base, which we built for Miao, have all started to earn revenue and achieved the desired results. 1.2 Cultivation Techniques of Longsang 1.2.1 Varieties and Seedlings In several Longsang varieties, “Longgua Sang” and “Nine Grains Long” are preferred. Branches are beautiful, strong growth, good adaptability, strong resistance. Long mulberry nursery with conventional methods. We adopt bud grafting and use local strong seedlings to graft in spring (March) or summer (June). Main measures: 1 The nursery is fertile sandy loam, and organic fertilizer plus appropriate compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. 2 The time for planting seedlings is preferably before March, with a density of 667 plants per 667 plants (spring access) or 10,000 plants (summer access). The thickness of seedlings must reach a diameter of 0.7cm and 0.4cm or more, and the roots must be fresh and complete without pests and diseases. 3 Grafting personnel must be skilled in operation. Because the branches are bent, the method of cutting the buds in the opposite direction can be used. 4 Peel the anvil 2-3 times in time and cut the banded plastic tape around the 20th day. 5 Do a good job in weeding, watering, topdressing, pest control and other management. In this way, when the seedlings reach the height of 120 cm in the spring and 80 cm in the summer, the seedling rate is about 80%. Mulberry seedlings that do not meet the requirements of the export specifications will be returned to the nursery for one year. 1.2.2 Cultivation of saplings Mulberry saplings need to be cultivated for more than 3 years before they can become finished trees. 1 According to the density of 800-1000 strains per acre (plant spacing 80cm, row spacing 100cm or so), planting a robust long sapling with a height of 100cm or more. 2 The tree shape of the garden dragon must be round to show its advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a central skeleton tree system. In the first year, on the basis of unified trunk height, ensure the healthy growth of 3-4 growth buds in the upper part of the main branch. The next year, in the spring season, proper pruning should be performed according to the order of the Lord and the side. After germination, 2 growth buds are left on each branch. In the third year, it was still cultivated using the method of the previous year. When going and leaving growing buds, they should be able to flexibly grasp the overall requirements of the tree. 3 Management measures: The management of young mulberry trees is much simpler and more convenient than the nursery period. As long as timely management of watering, fertilizer application, weed control, and pest control are performed to ensure normal and rapid growth, they can be formed on schedule. However, if any of these links are not properly handled, it will affect the entire process. 1.2.3 Transplantation and management Long mulberry trees that have been cultivated for more than 3 years and have a trunk diameter of 4 cm can be used as garden products. 1 Transplantation: The period of rest is preferred. Since the mulberry roots are well developed, roots should be taken as much as possible during the excavation (more than 30 cm long). It is best to bring a 30-40 cm earth ball. Pit planting 60cm square, apply base fertilizer. Pour enough water after transplanting. 2 Management: In addition to routine management, Long Sang also highlights two points. The first is pruning: In the first few years, the mulberry dormancy period should be trimmed once every year. According to the growth and location of branches, stay 30-50cm long. Get rid of the insignificant parts. When the height of the tree reaches 300cm or more, the pruning stops and the natural growth occurs. The second is the protection: Mulberry leaves, mulberries, and curved branches are rare in the cities and are loved by most people. Therefore, the first planted mulberry should strengthen the management and protection, in the spring silkworm stage and mulberry maturation stage, to prevent excessive leaf collection and damage to shoots. 2. Long Xusang 2.1 The Garden Effect of Long Xusang The special mulberry tree "Long Xusang" imported from Sweden by the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, the branches are soft and drooping, and the leaves are strangely green. Every breeze blows, branches and leaves drift, like dragons and mustards dancing, graceful and graceful. Pleasing to the eye. It has the same weeping willows as the willow tree, the tree-like capacity of the dragon's beak, the medicinal effects of the ginkgo leaves, and the sweet mulberries. Therefore, whether it is the greening of the road, the scenery of the park, the sightseeing of the villa, or the cultivation of the courtyard, it is not a new kind of healthy tree species. According to many years of cultivation observation and the introduction effect of Beijing, "Longxu Sang" has good adaptability, strong resistance, fewer pests and diseases, and is easy to plant. 2.2 Gracilaria cultivation techniques 2.2.1 Cultivation of Grafting 1 Rootstock: The branches of Gracilaria are drooping. Therefore, the determination of the grafting site basically determines the height of the tree in the future, and will only increase slowly in the future. It cannot grow significantly. Therefore, rootstocks are very important and generally require about 3 years of cultivation to meet the requirements. The rootstock grown from the seed of the mulberry grows quickly with less collaterals and tough wood. Per plant spacing 100cm, plant spacing 65cm. When it reaches 2cm in diameter and 220cm in height, it can be grafted. 2 Grafting: The spring budding method works best. The grafting site is set at about 200cm, and the buds on the corresponding surface of the rootstock are connected. This kind of "double bud connection" is very good for cultivating trees. It grows fast and the tree shape is full. Afterwards, attention should be paid to removing the anvil buds in time and preventing pests. The ligated plastic tapes are cut off before and after the 20th day. From late May to early June, make the pick-up and summer budding, and do not postpone the time. 2.2.2 Tree culture Long Xisang grows vigorously. With good soil quality, rootstock and grafting basis, the tree shape can be cultured quickly. 1 Pruning: After budding and survival, when it grows to have 5 mulberry leaves, it can be plucked (pointed) to give birth to 2-3 new ones. These new years can become longer branches. Before the budding in the spring of the second year, the base of each branch is trimmed by about 20 cm in length. When cutting, pay attention to the direction of leaving the buds. Cut the first bud to the side that is as large as possible. In the early summer season, it can be trimmed again properly. The third year of the spring, continue to prune in the same way, while removing overlapping branches and thin branches. In this way, a basic tree skeleton is formed. 2 Banding: With pruning, when the branches are too sparse or biased, the use of wire tying measures to promote the development of branches and adjust the rational distribution of branches, so that it tends to the ideal tree structure. 2.2.3 Transplantation and Management Grafting method of R. sinensis is the same as that of R. mulberry. In management: 1 year pruning. If the habitat condition is good, the fresh shoots can reach 150cm-200cm long each year. Therefore, it must be trimmed year after year like the dragon to ensure a healthy tree and a beautiful tree. The base of the shoot stays about 15cm long, as appropriate. 2 attention to management. Prevent excessive leaf collection and damage when picking mulberry. 3. Guo Sang 3.1 The effect of gardening of fruit mulberry In early summer of May, it was a fruit off-season. If there is a fruit mulberry garden on the outskirts, it will attract a large number of tourists. That full of branches, or red or green, or white or purple, fragrant smell, sweet and sour, refreshing mulberry, will make people linger. Apart from savoring and picking fruit, picking a few mulberry leaves, asking for a few candies, going home to take care of it, observing the spit, and savoring the silk is beautiful and meaningful. 3.2 Mulberry Varieties and Their Breeding There are many varieties of mulberry trees, and the main ones suitable for garden use are Guosang 761, Xinhongbao and Baiyuwang. These varieties have good adaptability, strong resistance, strong growth, erect branches, many fruits and large fruits, and can be cultivated into tall trees. The method of grafting is carried out by means of grafting, bud grafting, and the like. The common mulberry is used as an anvil, and is grafted in the spring to grow a strong seedling with a height of 100 cm or more. 3.3 Tree culture and management Garden fruit mulberry is mostly dry or high-dry trees, planting density should not be too large, every 666.7? 100 to 300, row spacing 250cm-300cm, spacing 100cm-150cm. In order to become a garden in advance, the first dense plant can be planted, and the method of leaving it thin after a few years. In the tree culture, if the plan is high-dry tree, it is cultivated according to the method of Longsang. If it is in the dry tree shape, it will be shaped and cultivated every year according to the step-by-step method of "three waists, six, and six bowls." In terms of management, in addition to conventional measures, medium-dry mulberry trees need to be pruned twice a year in winter and summer. Winter Shear: During quiescence of the mulberry tree, the branches are cut off from the sliver to 1/4-1/5, leaving strong mulberry branches. Summer cut: At the end of May and early June, after the mulberry picking is over, all the branches are cut from the base about 15cm and the new shoots are reissued.

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