How to manage grapes
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September 12 06:28:41, 2025
Grapes are temperate plants that thrive in sunny conditions and require a certain level of warmth. They can tolerate high temperatures in summer and cold, continental climates in winter. These plants prefer loose, fertile, and well-draining sandy soil, and they are sensitive to earthworms. Excessive rainfall or overly moist soil can lead to diseases or cause the shoots to grow weakly, leading to leaf and fruit drop.
When growing grapes in pots, it's best to use large clay pots with a diameter of 30-40 cm or wooden boxes. The potting mix should consist of 4 parts humus, 5 parts sandy loam soil, 1 part decomposed chicken manure, and 1 part bean cake. Choose strong seedlings that are 1-2 years old with short internodes. After planting, install a bamboo pole as a support structure. Generally, only one main stem should be left. When the plant reaches 50 cm in height, pinch off the tip to encourage lateral growth. Once side vines have 3-4 leaves, pinch them again. Repeating this process helps develop a thick main stem with plenty of healthy lateral buds.
During the growing season, grapes need plenty of sunlight and good air circulation. Watering should be consistent—once a day in spring and autumn, and once in the afternoon during summer (always use warm water, not cold). In rainy seasons, ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging. Fertilization is important: apply base fertilizer at the beginning, then three rounds of top-dressing. Before flowering, use more cake fertilizer; during fruit development, combine cake fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium. Apply another round of cake fertilizer in July to promote a second harvest. In August, during fruit coloring, additional phosphorus and potassium may be added. Always loosen the soil before watering to ensure proper absorption.
To keep the vines healthy and productive, pruning must be done correctly and on time. Winter pruning should occur during dormancy, but not later than before the buds start to sprout in spring. Summer pruning involves removing buds, pinching tips, cutting away tendrils, and thinning leaves to maintain spacing between branches. New shoots with no fruit buds should be tipped when they reach 5-6 leaves. For weak or old fruit-bearing branches, keep a few reserve shoots close to the main vine to avoid overloading the fruiting branches.
Grapes have a well-developed root system that spreads easily within the pot. It's recommended to repot annually after autumn, replacing the soil and trimming old roots. Only cut the outer roots by about 1 cm, avoiding damage to the central root system.
Common pests and diseases include black rot, anthracnose, white rot, red spider mites, and scale insects. As a preventive measure, spray with thiophanate-methyl diluted 1000 times or a Bordeaux mixture (1:0.7:200) every two weeks. If pests or diseases appear, use a 1000-fold solution of Daisen ammonium or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder diluted 600-800 times. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are essential for healthy grape growth.
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