Non-synchronous Fermentation Theory

The non-synchronous fermentation theory explains how different regions, parts, and time periods within a fermentation system can experience varying levels of microbial activity. This occurs because the fermentation process is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, oxygen availability, and nutrient concentration. As a result, the growth and reproduction rates of beneficial microbes in the fermentation bed may differ over time, creating a situation where some areas are highly active while others remain dormant. This phenomenon is often compared to the "niece marries first" concept, where certain parts of the fermentation bed start working earlier than others, just like in the Gembe fermentation system.

This theory has both advantages and disadvantages. One major benefit is that it helps conserve microbial strains, bedding material, and nutrient solutions. When pigs excrete waste, the functional microbes in the fermentation bed begin to work using the nutrients from the manure along with suitable temperature and humidity conditions. In areas without these optimal conditions, the microbes remain in a dormant state, reducing strain and litter consumption. This allows the system to maintain its effectiveness for extended periods. For example, the Jinbao dry-type fermentation bed can operate for many years without cleaning, with microbial diversity lasting over three years under proper maintenance.

However, this theory also comes with challenges. It's easy to misunderstand the process, especially if one assumes that no fermentation is happening when in fact some areas are still active. The quality of the microbial strains used must be high, as they need to have strong dormancy capabilities, resistance to antibiotics, and tolerance to temperature and pH changes. Strains like the Golden Dolphin eco-fermentation bacteria are specifically developed to perform well under such conditions, making them ideal for long-term use.

When setting up and maintaining an ecological fermentation bed, it's important to understand and apply the non-synchronous fermentation theory correctly. Instead of adding water directly, you should focus on providing the right nutrient solution. You don't need to start the fermentation at the same time everywhere—just introduce the nutrient medium, and the system will naturally activate. This approach helps prevent dead or poorly functioning sections of the bed, ensuring a more stable and efficient fermentation process over time.

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