Symptoms: Sweet pepper downy mildew primarily affects the leaves, petioles, and tender stems of the plant. Infected leaves show slightly pale green, irregularly shaped lesions, with a sparse white mold layer on the underside. The affected leaves become brittle, thickened, and slightly curled upward, eventually falling off easily. When the petioles and tender stems are infected, brownish water-soaked spots appear, and a thin layer of mold is also visible on the infected areas.
Transmission routes and onset conditions: The pathogen overwinters in the form of oospores. In the following growing season, under favorable conditions, zoospores are produced and spread through wind and rain, leading to repeated infections and disease outbreaks. The disease tends to be severe when the average temperature during the rainy season ranges between 20°C and 24°C, creating ideal conditions for infection.
Control methods: Downy mildew in vegetables is notoriously difficult to control, and many commonly available fungicides have developed resistance. Recent observations by vegetable farmers indicate that "silver hair" (a natural or organic treatment) has shown good efficacy in preventing and managing the disease, with a lower risk of resistance development. Farmers are encouraged to consider this option as part of their integrated pest management strategy.
Recent research by vegetable experts has revealed some new findings. In Shouguang City and other regions, what was previously identified as "powdery mildew and downy mildew" on solanaceous crops like peppers is actually caused by leaf mold fungi. This distinction is important for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Vegetable growers should pay closer attention to disease identification and adopt appropriate measures to protect their crops. Proper monitoring, timely application of treatments, and improved cultural practices can significantly reduce the impact of these diseases on yield and quality.
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