Symptoms: Sweet pepper downy mildew primarily affects the leaves, petioles, and tender stems. Infected leaves show slightly light green, irregular lesions, with a sparse white mold layer appearing on the underside. The affected leaves become thick, brittle, and curl slightly upward, eventually falling off. When petioles and tender stems are infected, brownish water-soaked spots appear, and a thin layer of mold can also be observed on the infected areas.
Transmission routes and onset conditions: The pathogen overwinters in the form of oospores. In the following growing season, under favorable conditions, zoospores are produced and spread through wind and rain, leading to repeated infections and disease outbreaks. The disease tends to be more severe when average temperatures during the rainy season range from 20°C to 24°C, creating ideal conditions for infection.
Control methods: Downy mildew in vegetables is notoriously difficult to control, and many commercially available fungicides have become less effective due to resistance development. Recent observations by vegetable farmers suggest that "silver hair" (a natural or organic treatment) has shown promising results in both preventing and treating the disease, with a lower risk of resistance compared to conventional chemicals. Farmers are encouraged to explore this option as part of an integrated disease management strategy.
Recent research by agricultural experts has revealed new insights: the so-called "powdery mildew and downy mildew" observed on solanaceous crops like peppers in areas such as Shouguang City are actually caused by leaf mold fungi, not the traditional downy mildew pathogens. This distinction is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective control. Vegetable growers are advised to stay informed and improve their disease monitoring practices, especially when dealing with chili plants. Staying updated with the latest scientific findings can significantly enhance crop health and productivity.
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