The implementation of dwarf cultivation in apple trees has the advantage of high quality and labor saving. It is the mainstream and direction of modern apple industry development. However, there are many problems in cultivation management that need to be solved.

I. Unreasonable Density The production of dwarf apple trees grows by group effects. Within a unit area, it is necessary to ensure that there are enough trees. However, some orchard designs are blind, and the sparse planting methods of planting trees have been adopted, which has reduced the land's efficiency and can not fully utilize the advantages of dwarfing apple trees. Both the yield and the efficiency have not gone up.

Second, the characteristics of the dwarfed apple trees that are set to dry are that the trees are short, and the single tree covers a small area. In actual production, some growers put too much emphasis on the dwarfing effect of trees, and there is a mistaken idea that "the tree is shorter and better," and it is often set to be too low (30-40 cm). After fruiting, the lower branches are easily grounded, resulting in unclean fruit surface, serious pollution, and declining quality of fruit; deterioration of ventilation and light transmission, difficulty in coloring of fruits, thin leaves, reduced photosynthesis, poor flower bud differentiation, and low yield and instability; Management operations are difficult and economic efficiency is reduced.

Third, improper pruning Apple dwarf cultivation in general there is only attention to winter shear does not attach importance to the problem of summer shear. In winter, shears are often trimmed too heavy and short cuts, causing excessive sprouting and tree-like disorder in the year. This not only affects the ventilation and light transmission, but also causes reproductive growth and vegetative growth disorders, and reduces nutrient accumulation and yield.

IV. Overloaded dwarf apple trees In the annual growth cycle, new shoots tend to grow shorter and stop growing earlier. Most species generally do not grow secondary branches. Nutrients are accumulated in the tree body and flower buds differentiate into different parts. The supply of nutrients needed is adequate. Therefore, a large number of flower buds can be formed on each branch to complete the fruit of the tree. If it is not properly regulated, it will inevitably cause the tree load to be too large and the tree vigor to weaken.

Fifth, fertilizer and water shortage Dwarf apple trees are generally shallow root system, and the requirements for fertilizer and water are relatively strict, especially in the full fruit period requires a lot of nutrients, if not timely replenishment of fertilizer and water, it is easy to cause accumulation of nutrients in the tree body, and tree vigor is easily weakened. In two years, it often grows up and even dies. There are still some orchards that are fertilized in a single application, and they emphasize the topdressing of nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, resulting in excessive nitrogen fertilizers, gluttonous trees, and less flower bud formation. The yield is not high in the following year, or some trees do not fall off during the whole winter, because the nutrients in the tree are accumulated. Inadequate and frozen, or stem draining, has many negative effects on future production management.

Sixth, tree dwarfing dwarf apple orchards are generally planted with high density, and the lighting conditions are not as good as Qiaohuayuan. If various management measures are used improperly, tree vigor is easily weakened.

VII. The difference in tree size is due to insufficient watering before and after planting, low quality of soil preparation, poor seedling quality, improper planting measures, etc., resulting in low survival rate of plants, and no preparation of seedlings of the same size before replanting. Caused by the annual use of nursery seedlings in the current year, resulting in fruit trees often occur in the garden tree age, the size of the tree is different, old and young generations, some trees are full of fruit branches, and some are young trees, and some have formed " Small old trees, with a variety of varieties and low yields, have a great impact on the yield per unit area and economic income.

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