In order to solve the environmental problems that raise pigs' most difficult and most difficult to see results, new high-tech pig raising (natural pig raising) technologies have been established in Shandong and Fujian provinces since 2005. Now, many provinces, especially Pigs are developed in pig-breeding areas, but most of the areas are experimentally observed. Many experts engaged in research and strain manufacturers believe that litter can be used for 3 years, and it has also attracted some large-scale large-scale pig farms for experimental research. Fermented high bed pigs can indeed solve environmental problems when they are in place. No sewage is discharged, and the water volume of the pigsheds is reduced. In addition, the smell of pigs and other odors are greatly reduced, and the health of the pigs is improved. , the incidence of the disease decreased significantly. In Guangdong's Banling Breeding Farm, four pig silos were made. The padding was 80 centimeters thick, and half of the chaff and sawdust were used. Starting from September 2008, the following problems were encountered during the test.

Raw material issues From the perspective of environmental protection, as long as the litter can be used for one year, not to mention three years, as long as the cost is appropriate, many pig farms will use. However, the amount of litter is a problem. Each square meter of padding (80 cm thick) requires 4 bags of chaff and sawdust (30 kg to 35 kg), so the demand for raw materials is very large. According to experts, in sawdust, sawdust from eucalyptus cannot be used because it is not conducive to the survival of strains. Only sawdust from other trees can be used. If the technology is widely promoted, the screening of raw materials (except chaff and sawdust) is more important because there are enough quantities and the amount of chaff and sawdust is limited.

In many areas of China, either wheat production is large, or rice production is large, or corn production is large. However, the use of straw as agricultural and sideline products in these crops is often used as fertilizer or feed for livestock, and the value is not fully utilized. If it can be crushed as an important litter component, it should be able to solve this problem. Even though these raw materials degrade faster than sawdust, they can save considerable costs if they can be replenished over a period of 1 year.

The position of the litter is a problem that the pig bar for fermenting high beds generally has a depth of 60 cm to 80 cm, while most of the ground is unpaved (the requirement is not to be laid). In Shandong and other places, the material bed is dug to the ground. Surface and ground level, this approach can save the cost of doing brick walls on the one hand, on the other hand to add feed, drive the pig is very convenient. This type of underground fence is more suitable in the north because the climate in the north is relatively dry, and the groundwater level is low, so it is not easy to seep. Most pig farms in the south are built in mountainous areas, and many pig houses are built around the foot of the mountain. If this method is used, the groundwater level in the mountainous areas is generally higher if the climate is humid in the south, and if no concrete floor is laid below, groundwater is used. When it penetrates to a certain extent, the lower layer of dunnage has too much humidity and is easily deteriorated.

Differentiating the situation in different regions, the position of litter is not a pattern on the ground or underground. It is advisable to set up a fermented high bed on the ground in the south, but a layer of rice straw can be laid below to reduce the impact of groundwater.

According to a lot of data and experts, the density of fermented high-bed pigs ranges from 1.2 square meters to 1.5 square meters per head, but there is no indication that they are based on the area of ​​the entire column or the area of ​​the bedding bed. If it is the area of ​​the entire column, then the part of the concrete floor (the eating station and the drinking station, and there are also the drying table. The large one accounts for 1/4 of the total area, and the small one also accounts for 1/10 or more). According to the litter area, one pig also occupies about 1 square meter. As a big pig, 1 square meter of litter needs to decompose about 1.5 kilograms of feces and urine every day, and it should be able to withstand the effect. Not ideal. If it is based solely on the area of ​​litter, when it comes to pigs, with feed stations and drinking stations, the average area per pig is 1.8 square meters to 2.0 square meters, which may increase the cost of construction area. It's not something that every farm can afford.

Turning problems The pig bar that is currently being tested is a small bar. The turning of the litter is mainly manual turning and there is no turning of the machine. According to relevant manufacturers and experts, when using a large bar (more than 100 square meters), the machine can be turned over. But because pigs have a habit of defecation, a pig is excreted in one place, other pigs follow, there is no habit of dispersing or draining the area, that is, using a machine to turn over the pile of pig manure is always sprinkled The concentration of concentrated urine excretion is too high, but it is also often sprinkled. Turning manure or removing manure manually is easy to be lazy. Second, manpower needs a large amount. It is impossible for one person to raise 400 to 500 pigs. The workload of one person is up to 300. In this case, it is better to use a large bar to feed and manually assist the machine to turn over.

Adapting to swine problems Fermenting high-bed pigs is not suitable for any pig group (foreign welfare pigs, they have a large enough area). The largest volume of sewage produced on a farm is commercial pigs, and the large population of commercial pigs is the focus of treatment. However, according to the density requirement of high-bed pigs, the construction area of ​​hogs is at least 20%~50% larger than before. In the case where the land is tense and the pig industry is unpopular in some areas, the amount of land is a Challenges, conditions can be done. When pigs are raised, there is a parallel problem because the weight of the pigs in the previous period is so heavy that they need to be separated when they reach a certain weight. This should be noticed. The amount of sewage produced by nursery pigs and farrowing houses is relatively small, the stocking density is relatively high, and the high temperature fermentation bed can be used for winter heat preservation. The use effect is good. In the rearing of nursery pigs, some pig farms in Guizhou have achieved certain results. The mating of pregnant pig houses is inconvenient due to the fact that the single bar or column bar is fixed.

The problem of cooling in summer is the use of fermented high-bed pigs, which have little effect in spring and autumn and winter, and the high temperature weather in summer has a great impact, especially in the south. The high bed itself accumulates a certain amount of heat. If there is no table in the column, cooling measures should be done.

Some of the cooling measures for high-bed pigs can refer to the methods that are often used now, such as the cooling of the water curtain, the cooling of the negative pressure, and the cooling effect of the roof spray water, which is more significant; you can also set enough tables or movable in the column. In cement boards, pigs can rest on top when they feel hot; be aware of the humidity of litter when the indoor spray cools, otherwise fermentation of the strains will be affected.

Pork quality issues Pigs reared in high-performance fermentation beds are not as good as pigs raised in normal pig-raising houses in terms of feed remuneration. The pork quality we tested was also found to be inferior to pigs raised in ordinary pig-raising houses. In December 2008, determined by slaughter at the South China Agricultural University, the same larvae of the Changbai River had about 110 kg of body weight. The two pigs raised in the high fermentation bed and the pigs raised in the general merchandise were compared except that the pH of the meat was relatively close. Pigs in fermented high beds are not as good as the pigs raised in the general merchandise, such as the brightness, redness, tenderness, color, marble, drip loss, etc., especially the marble score, the fermentation high bed pig 1.9, the general merchandise hog Pigs raised 2.3, this issue is worth further study.

Coping strategies The use of high bed pig raising (natural pig raising) technology in some areas and pig farms has achieved good results, but there are many new problems. Before governments at all levels make great efforts to popularize and apply, they should try to collect the problems that they may encounter as far as possible and promote them when they are promoted. Otherwise, the effect of the farm (household) investment is not significant, causing both losses and wasting a lot of manpower. Material resources.

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