Cow choice

Dairy cows of different breeds and different individuals differ greatly in their milk production capacity. The most common species currently selected is Holstein cows, which have an annual milk yield of up to 5 tons to 7 tons and good producers up to 10 tons under good husbandry and management conditions. In addition to Holstein cows, there are Simmental cows with both Danish Red Bull and dairy. After choosing a good variety, we also need to select individuals. Generally, we select from the appearance. Good cows require individuals to be tall, angular, clear and colorful, long in the middle, do not collapse in the back, and have a wide abdomen and abdomen. The abdomen is large without sagging. , Strong in limbs and feet, well-developed breasts, good adhesion, deep milk well, well-proportioned four-milk area, moderate size of nipples, no deputy nipples, soft breasts during dry period, and lactation requiring thick and curved veins on the surface of the breast, and full plumpness without sagging. Subject to conditions, the maternal milk production and paternal quality should also be examined.

Sufficient forage

Dairy cows' diet consists of green feed, roughage feed, and concentrate feed. (1) Green fodder refers to all kinds of pasture, green straw and silage. Due to the large food intake of dairy cows, planting of pasture is not easy to supply all year round, and the seasonality of green straw is also very strong, so it is best to make silage. Silage is made by digging a silo first, round or rectangular, and surrounded by bricks. Then use cement to wipe the bottom and around, and make four corners in a circular arc to press the material tightly. The upper side is more than 20 cm above the ground to prevent the inflow of rainwater. Professional households are best prepared for alternate use of two pits. All kinds of pastures and straws can be shortened together. When the water content is 65% to 70%, it can be filled with one layer and it can be pressed tightly. All compacted and sealed, ensure no air leakage. After more than one month in the fall, it can be used to feed cows after two months in winter. When feeding, add as little as possible, how much to feed each day, and remove the plastic sheet after removal. (2) Roughage is a variety of hay and dry stalks. Due to the fact that the nutrition of hay is higher than that of dry stalks, it is advisable to dry some hay more in summer and autumn. (3) The concentrate feed can be purchased as a mixed feed or it can be prepared by itself. General energy feed (corn, bran, etc.) accounted for 70% to 75%, cakes (bean cakes, soybean meal, rapeseed cake, etc.) accounted for 20%, minerals, salt, additives, etc. accounted for 5% to 10%. Generally, each adult dairy cow needs 9 tons of green feed, 1 ton of roughage, and 2 tons of concentrate feed per year.

Elaborately reared

The quality of milk production is most affected by feeding and management. The cowhouse lighting conditions are better and are cleaned daily. Green feed is abundant and it is better to eat less. Roughage is used as a collocation and is added in small amounts. The concentrate feed is calculated according to the amount of milk produced. High-yielding dairy cows feed 3 kg of milk each day and feed 1 kg of concentrate. Low-producing dairy cows feed 4 kg of milk and feed 1 kg of concentrate. Feeding regularly, it is strictly prohibited to feed moldy feeds, not to drink cold water or dirty water. About 10 months of milk production gradually dry milk. Because at this time the fetus has developed to about 7 months, the cow's physical energy consumption is very high. Dry milk is beneficial to the recovery and adjustment of the dairy cow and prepares for the next lactation period. There are two ways to dry milk. One is to gradually dry milk law, that is to reduce the number of milking from 3 times a day to 1 to limit drinking water and strengthen exercise. When the milk production dropped to 4 kg, milking was stopped and the cows gradually dried milk within 2 weeks. The second is the rapid dry milk method, reducing the fine material, controlling the green material and drinking water, and strengthening the exercise. The milk is squeezed once a day and squeezed once every other day to make the cows dry milk within 1 week.

Correct milking

The correct milking method is an effective means of obtaining high milk yield. Improper milking methods not only reduce milk production but also damage the breasts and cause inflammation of the breasts. From the day the cow was delivered, milking began and milking was performed 3 times a day. Before each milking, wash it with warm water and massage the breasts. On the first day, 2 kilograms of milk were squeezed for each breast, and 1/3 of the milk was squeezed each time the next day. On the third day each time, 1/2 of the milk was squeezed. After that, they can be squeezed normally. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the milk in the breast cannot be squeezed on the first day, otherwise it will easily lead to postpartum paralysis. Before hand-milking, nails and hands must be washed and both hands should hold the nipples to milk them evenly and quickly. Each cow's milk should be squeezed within 6 minutes to 10 minutes, and manual milking is less, but it takes time and effort. The professional households are best equipped with a milking machine to not only save time and effort, but also greatly reduce the chance of milk contamination.

Pay attention to cleanliness

Milk is directly consumed or used for deep processing. Therefore, it must be ensured that the milk is clean and hygienic. Mixing of dirt is strictly forbidden. Clean the milk tub and milker before and after each milking. The cow's hindquarters should be brushed, and the breast should be scrubbed. The first 3 milks should be discarded. Because the first 3 milk contains more bacteria, it will contaminate the milk, affecting the quality and storage time of the milk. After the milk is squeezed, cover the lid and sell it as soon as possible or send it to the purchasing station. When cows are suffering from mastitis or during the use of certain medications, some residual drugs can enter the milk and affect the quality of the milk.

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