Choose good breeds. China's pear cultivars are rich in resources, about 3,000, and the main fine varieties suitable for cultivation in the south include autumn gold, crystal, new century, gold, emerald, red crisp (red skin), July crisp (red skin), and sky. Red (red skin), Fortunate water, West green, Cuiguan, Qingxiang, Xinxing, Xingao, As early As Mei (red skin), Huanghua, Cangxi, Xishui, June snow, Huangguan, Yuanhuangli, Fengshui , Zhongli No. 1, Huashan, Ganquan, late show, autumn yellow, Huangdi, winter pear, late honey pear and so on. All the above varieties are sand pear systems, while the Baili system (such as Yali pear) is not ideally cultivated in the areas south of the Yangtze River basin, and its quality is not as good as that of the products produced in the area north of the Yellow River, and development should be avoided as much as possible. The south of the country is not suitable for cultivation. It not only has low yield but also has poor quality.

Planted at the right time. Autumn is good for November, but southern fruit growers are accustomed to spring planting in February-March. The high temperature of autumn planting favored the healing of wounds in the roots, and there was no slow seedling period in the second year. The pollination tree should be configured when planting. One garden is dominated by one species, and the ratio of pollinating trees to main cultivars with 1-2 species is 1:8. Before planting, cut the top 30cm from the grafting interface. The big roots of the injury cut the wound with a branch cutter. The plant spacing was 56m or 55m, and 20-25 acres were planted.

Soil management. In order to fertilize fertility and speeding forests, young trees are sown with green manure before they are closed. Winter green manure includes radish, garden flowers, broad beans, rapeseed, etc. It is buried in soil during spring flowering and scabbing. Summer green manures include soybeans, pokeweed, etc., and flowering and scabbing or poke fruits are buried in soil when they begin to darken. After the closure of the pear orchard to the entire park soil coverage, thickness 10cm ~ 20cm, it is best covered with thatch, thatch or litter. The covered orchards have high pear yield, good quality, no soil compaction, good ventilation, and high soil organic matter content. This coverage method has been widely promoted abroad. China has advanced from north to south, and Yanling County, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province has promoted it in Liyuan in the 1980s. After covering the soil, it will cool down during the summer to retain water and fertility, and in winter, it will function as a thermal insulation, antifreeze, and no-tillage.

Rational fertilization. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in adult gardens is 10:5:10, which means that the production of 1000kg of fruit requires 3kg of pure nitrogen, 1.5kg of pure phosphorus pentoxide, and 3kg of pure potassium oxide. According to the adsorption of soil, soil erosion and air volatilization, appropriate increase in dosage. Pear gardens usually fertilize three times a year. One time is basal fertilizer: after the fruit is harvested, each adult tree is planted with pig manure 50kg or cake fertilizer 2.5kg plus compound fertilizer 1kg. Topdressing sulphur-containing compound fertilizers, 1kg per tree growth result in promotion of fruit set; the third time in the middle of April after falling flower topdressing, each adult result tree is applied sulfur-containing compound fertilizer 1kg, in order to promote the rapid expansion of young fruit. Each time, the fertilizer is applied to open the gully, and the soil is covered with water after application. In recent years, Taiwan businessmen have planted pear orchards in Yanling, Hunan Province. They have taken fruit fertilizers once a year for every 667m 220 strains. Each adult plant has dried fruit with 10kg of dried vegetables and applied them to the soil surface. The garden was turned over once a year, and scaffolding was used to grow the plants. There were 400 pears produced in the plant, each producing 0.25kg. The strain produced 100kg and the yield per mu was 2000kg.

Water management. Pears have weak drought tolerance, plentiful leaf transpiration, and a large amount of water, especially the rapid expansion of fruit from July to August, which requires more water. At this time, it is the dry season in southern China. When continuous drought for two months, adult fruit trees watered 50kg per plant. Pear moisture resistance is strong, but in the rainy season, pay attention to open drainage, prevent soil water damage to the roots, resulting in early loss of leaves and fruit.

Sapling shaping. The main trunk of the pear tree is obviously layered. In the past, evacuation and layering were used. The tree-shaped canopy was tall and inconvenient for management and fruit picking. At present, natural happy-shape tree structure is adopted. That is, a three-branched tree, that is, a trunk, three main branches, six sub-branches. In the main branch, three main branches in different directions, each main branch is about 120 degrees, and two main main branches are divided on each main branch, each of which is about 45 degrees, and branches are produced on the main branch and the auxiliary main branch. The result is a branch group and a branchlet used for the result. Promote scaffolding cultivation.

Adult tree trimmed. Sparse long branches and upright branches should be cut off from the base; the recession result branches should be retracted, and the branches should be kept at the cutting mouth to restore the tree vigor; the excess short fruit branches should be removed according to the principle of “five sparse and five stays”: Leave on, stay weak, stay strong, stay sparse, leave sparse and stay away, leaving 2 to 4 short fruit branches in each branch. Cut off dead branches, branches, cross branches, and drooping branches. Crown height is controlled within 2.5 meters.

Flower protection. The fundamental measure is to strengthen soil, fertilizer, water management and pest control so that the tree grows robustly and nutrient reserves are adequate. However, in the event of rain, pollination and wind blowing, young fruit must be preserved. Before spraying, 0.2%～0.5% borax solution was sprayed, and the effect of spraying 5 mg/L to 10 mg/L of 2,4-D liquid after Xiehua was obvious. Thinning and thinning fruit. The sparse flowers are divided into inflorescences and sparse flowers, and the sparse blooms are preferred, and the sparse, sparse and long sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparsely sparse sparsely sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparsely sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse sparse After the first physiological fruit drop, it was completed in mid-May. The small fruit, disease and fruit, and deformed fruit were squeezed.

Pear fruit bagging. Fruit bagging is a new technique that is commonly used in pear producing areas around the world. The fruit of the bagging can prevent insects and prevent diseases, and the fruit surface color is beautiful. The market price of the bagged fruit is increased by 50% to 1 times. The bagging time is mid-May. Before bagging, all pests and diseases need to be thoroughly and thoroughly treated. At the same time, small fruits, diseases and insects must be removed, malformed fruit, and densely squeezed fruit, and special bags should be used. Each bag is 0.1 yuan. , Each person can bag 1000-1500 bags per day, labor costs 0.04 yuan each. 10 days before fruit picking, take the bag and take the bag fee of 0.02 yuan each.

Pest control. The main diseases of pear trees include pear rust, ring rot, rot, scab, black spot, etc. The main pests include pear stem bee, pear larvae, borer worms, giardia, and hornbills. Pear diseases and pests should take comprehensive control: dormant period of 11-2 months, clearing the branches of litter in the park, scrape off the old trunk on the main branch, detect the park burned, reduce the number of disease and insect overwinter basis. At the same time, 5 degree lime sulfur was used to seal the garden to eliminate overwintering pests; Before the germination (March), spray a 5 degree lime sulfur agent; spray a fungicide or pyrethroid pesticide before flowering; spray a dichlorvos once in May; spray a Bordeaux mixture in June (copper sulfate 1kg: lime 2kg water 200kg); In July, a moth light was used to seduce the fruit sucking moth. Do not use pesticides 20 days before fruit picking.

Fruit picking method. Green peel, yellow-green peel; yellow peel, yellow-brown skin; bagged fruit, white skin is suitable for fruit dressing. When picking, hold the fruit by hand, gently lift it upwards and pick it up with fruit stems. This is beautiful and resistant to storage and transportation. Do not pull down, pull off the stem, affect the storage and transportation.

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