1. Prevent bad species. The minimum temperature for seed germination of fruits and vegetables is 11°C-12°C, and that for leafy vegetables is 0°C-4°C. In the early spring, when cold beds and plastic arch shelters are used to raise seedlings, in the event of rainy or snowy weather, bad soils will occur due to excessive soil moisture and low temperatures. Under normal circumstances, no seedlings emerged 7 days after sowing, indicating that the seeds had rotted. The preventive measures are to select sowing in sunny and warm weather, use electric hot-bed or hot-breeding nursery, thicken the cover, etc. to increase seedbed temperature.

2. Prevent the formation of "hatted seedlings". "Capped seedlings" are the kinds of belts that emerge from the cotyledons when they are unearthed, like a hat attached to the top of the cotyledon, which affects the normal development and photosynthesis of the cotyledons. The reason is that the bed soil is too dry and the soil is too thin. Preventive measures are that the bottom water of the seedbed should be poured, and the thickness of the cover soil should be appropriate. Generally, the small seed seed covers 1.0 cm to 1.5 cm, the medium seed 1.5 cm to 2.0 cm, and the large seeds 3 cm to 4 cm.

3. Prevent cold roots, roots and roots. Nursery bed soil organic fertilizer and bed soil ratio is generally 1:1. The use of organic fertilizers that have not been decomposed or excessive fertilization may cause burning of roots. After the seedlings have been burned, the edges of the leaves are yellow and the leaves are shriveled. Once root burning occurs, water can be poured into the pot to reduce the concentration of fertilizer and increase ventilation and humidity. The roots of cold roots and roots are caused by the low temperature and high humidity of the bed soil. The preventive measures are to increase the seedbed temperature, reduce the amount of watering, conduct cultivating tillage, and reduce the humidity through ventilation.

4. To prevent the formation of rigid seedlings. There are two reasons for the formation of fossilized seedlings: First, the early spring is cold, the soil temperature at the seedbed is low, and the roots develop slowly to form rigid seedlings. Second, at the late stage of nursery, in order to prevent the seedlings from growing, use less water or no watering. Due to the drought, the root development of the seedlings was severely affected and a rigid seedling was formed. Preventive measures are to increase seedbed temperature in the early stage and promote root development. In the late period of nursery, if the seedlings are grown, the seedbed temperature should be lowered, the light intensity and light time should be increased, the ventilation should be increased, and no watering or watering methods should be used to control seedling growth.

5. Prevent flash seedlings. In spring, with the increase of the outside temperature and the temperature inside the nursery bed, the amount of ventilation needs to be increased. When the temperature in the shed is higher than 25°C, ventilation from the shed floor sweeps the wind-breaking seedlings. This phenomenon is called flashing seedlings. The prevention measures are to promptly ventilate when the temperature in the shed reaches 20°C. When the temperature in the shed exceeds 25°C, it is necessary to pull ventilation.

6. Prevent seedlings from being leggy. In addition to increasing ventilation, prolonging ventilation time, increasing light intensity, and low-temperature exercise, measures to prevent leggy can also be sprayed with plant growth regulators, such as chlormequat, to inhibit the growth. Chlorophyll can also enhance the cold resistance of seedlings. And disease resistance.

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