I. Late blight (I) Incidence conditions. Potato late blight, also known as blight and potato clams, is a devastating disease for potatoes. Poor terrain, poor drainage, high humidity in the field, or excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers are more serious. When the temperature and humidity are appropriate, the late blight quickly spread and the diseased plants die. (b) symptoms. In the diseased leaves, round or irregular dark-green water-spotted lesions appear at the tip and the leaf edge, and they become brown and large lesions when expanded. When the humidity is high, the diseased part and the healthy part grow up at the junction. White mold layer. Stems were affected, with slightly dingy brown streaks, and a white mold layer was also produced when wet. The potato block suffered damage and appeared dark brown spots. (c) Control methods. 1. Use resistant varieties and disease-free seed potatoes. 2. Serious illness fields and non-sweet potato vegetables should be cultivated for more than 3 years. Spring potato and tomato fields should be separated by 300-500 meters. 3. To strengthen the cultivation and management, rational allocation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, appropriate potassium fertilizer, and enhance disease resistance. Drain the ditch, reduce the humidity in the field, remove the diseased plants in time, and burn them in a concentrated manner to reduce the incidence. 4. Chemical control. At the early stage of the disease, spray immediately and control its spread. Spray once every 5 to 7 days, and spray 2 or 3 times. The commonly used agents are 64% antiviral 500 to 750 times, or 58% wettable powder 500 to 600 times, or 80% of large wettable powder 500 times, or 40% of methamphetamine 500 to 600 times. liquid.

Second, ring rot (a) symptoms. In general, symptoms begin before and after flowering, and the branches and stems of the diseased plants are shortened, and the leaf color is yellow and withered. The veins turn yellow, and black-brown patches appear. The leaf margin curls slightly upward. No obvious symptoms were found on the outside of the lightly-potted potato squash. The diseased potato squash became black-brown in the diseased part, and there was a ring-shaped hollow, sometimes accompanied by soft rot, and it eventually rotted. (b) Control methods. The disease-free seed potato was selected, the diseased potato was completely eliminated before the planting and cutting of the potato, and the knife was sterilized before cutting the potato. Remove the disease when it is found. Pay attention to the prevention and control of underground pests, implement crop rotation, and use varieties of disease.

Third, the blight (a) the conditions of the disease. Potato bacterial wilt, also known as bacterial blight, is a serious potato disease. The incidence is heavy in areas with high temperatures, high humidity, and heavy rain. Planted with diseased seed potatoes, continuous cropping, low-lying land, soil acidity, easy to disease. (b) symptoms. In the early stage of disease, the lower leaves wilted during the day and recovered in the evening. After two days, they did not recover and gradually developed from the bottom to the top. Four days later, the diseased plants were wilted and dead. (c) Control methods. Potatoes cannot be used in conjunction with solanaceous plants, peanuts, and other crops, and have good disease-resistance with rice rotations. It is necessary to strengthen cultivation and management, choose land plots with high topography and good drainage, apply more organic fertilizer, and increase potassium fertilizer. In acidic soils, 50-75 kg of lime per acre is used before tillage to make the soil slightly alkaline, which can reduce the incidence. The diseased plants were found to be immediately removed and burned, and the roots were irrigated with medicaments. The plants were irrigated once every 7 days, and they were even fed 2 to 3 times. Each strain used 0.25 kg of liquid and had better disease-preventing effect. The commonly used agents are 500% of the sterilizing agent 700 times, or 800 times that of granules dispersed by Shanshui, or 1000 times of the liquid, or 20% of lime water.

Fourth, the virus disease (a) the cause of the disease. Potato virus disease is a serious disease of potato. It is mainly due to the planting of poisonous seed potato, extensive cultivation and management, lack of fertilizer and lack of water, which will aggravate the disease. (b) symptoms. After onset, the plant is deformed, dwarfed, and the yield is reduced. Due to the harm of virus disease, the performance of potato seedlings may be degraded. After the potato has been infected, it mainly presents as wrinkled mosaic disease and leaf rolling disease. 1. Shrinkage mosaic. The dark green and light green leaves on the leaves, the leaves shrink, the tip of the leaf bends downward, shrinks, and the whole plant dwarfs. 2. Roll leaf disease. The leaf margin of the leaf blade curls upwards. In severe cases, it is cylindrical, the diseased leaf is slightly smaller than the healthy leaf, the leaf color is lighter, and the back of the leaf is sometimes red or purple. (c) Control methods. 1. Strengthen cultivation management. Increase the row spacing, narrow the spacing between plants, high ridge and furrow cultivation, apply sufficient basal fertilizer, increase phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, reasonable irrigation, timely removal of diseased plants, reduce the incidence. 2. To cure and prevent disease. After the potato emerged, it was sprayed immediately to prevent the aphid from transmitting the virus. 3. Chemical control. With 1.5% of the plant disease Ling 1000 times plus 20% of the virus A600 times spray, spraying every 7 days, even spray 3 to 4 times, the disease prevention effect is better.

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