Breeding Barriers

Congenital Infertility Generally, individuals in close relatives often develop cryptorchidism, testicular hypoplasia and dysplasia of the epididymis, defects in the penis and prepuce, and poor semen quality. Therefore, such boars should be eliminated in time.

Acquired infertility 1. Sexual behavior disorder. At the time of mating, boars and other vicious stimuli can cause sexual problems. Boar breeding environments should be improved to reduce unpleasant stimuli. 2. Sex loss. Male and female pigs do not group or boar over the frequency of mating, resulting in boar sexual reflexes, the performance is not mating ejaculation, the penis can not erect or refuse mating. For this reason, male and female sows should be kept in separate housing. Reserve boar can not be used too early, generally only after 8 months of age can be used for breeding, and the number of breeding per week does not exceed 2 to 3 times; adult boar 3 times per week is appropriate, matching season can be 5 times in a row, rest 1 day. 3. Nutritional infertility. The level of feeding affects the development of the boar and the advent of the puberty period. Inadequate nutrition of boars within 1 year of age affects the individual growth and development of the boar, the weight of the testes, and the production of sperm. Obesity can also cause infertility in boars. Therefore, under-nutrition should provide nutritionally balanced full-price diets and clean drinking water. In summer, green feeds can be fed. When the burden of breeding is heavy, animal protein should be fed. Overweight obese boars should be exercised and appropriately reduced.

Disease infertility Scrotum dermatosis, orchitis, epididymitis, or dermatitis all cause infertility and should be promptly treated upon discovery. Inflammation caused by topical coating of lead acetate powder or other anti-inflammatory ointment, systemic antibiotics. For skin diseases such as aphids caused by injection of ivermectin, if no effect of treatment in time out.

Heat stress exerts the greatest influence on the species of boar in various environmental factors. The limiting temperature for the production of boar spermatozoon dysfunction is 30 °C. In order to eliminate the unfavorable factors of high temperature environment, especially in the summer high temperature period, it is possible to adopt reinforced indoor ventilation, spraying water from the roof of the well, planting trees around the barn, constructing a pergola above the playground, or constructing grape vines, planting grapes or sponge gourd and other climbing plants. Shade, trying to make the temperature does not exceed 30 °C.

Sows reproductive disorders

Congenital infertility mainly includes uterine congenital malformations, ovarian hypoplasia, fallopian tube abnormalities, intersexuality, etc. Congenital infertile sows should be eliminated in time.

Sow functional sterility, which is more common in ovarian dysfunction. It is necessary to start with improving feeding management and provide nutrition-complete feed. For sows that are overweight, the amount of concentrate should be appropriately reduced.

Disease sterility includes the largest proportion of endometritis and vaginitis in genital diseases. The prevention and treatment of endometritis: First of all, improve the feeding management to improve the sow body resistance. Treatment often uses a method of washing the uterus and injecting drugs. The number of rinses, interval, and volume of the rinse should be determined based on the degree of inflammation. Rinse: Rinse the uterus with normal saline first. After the pus is drained, inject penicillin (200,000 units in 20 ml of distilled water) or streptomycin (1 g in 20 ml of distilled water). Generally every Et or every Et1, 3 days to 5 days for a course of treatment. The flushing liquid should be used in a way that the reflux liquid is transparent and free from foreign matter, and the flushing fluid should be drained as much as possible.

The death of some embryos during early embryonic death is due to poor semen quality. Aging sperm can also cause embryonic death. After the egg ages, the energy is greatly reduced. If the egg is fertilized during senescence, it is very easy to die during embryonic development. Therefore, mastering sow mating in a suitable period, the selection of breeding boars with strong semen vitality can effectively prevent early embryonic death.

Abortion Abortion sows should examine the fetus, fetal membranes and placenta to determine whether there is abnormal or pathological changes, and take abortion sow blood, uterine secretions, fetal or fetal tissue (stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, lung And trachea, etc.), pathological and microbiological examinations to determine the cause and determine whether infectious abortion. Under the principle of prevention, the sow must change its feeding and management conditions according to its physiological characteristics, especially in the early and late stages of pregnancy, but also pay attention to feeding and management to meet the nutritional needs of pregnant sows and prevent external cold and heat. Crush, bump, scare, drive, catch, and other undesirable stimuli. The gestation sows are bred in a circle, carefully managed and properly exercised, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of abortion.

Infectious diseases such as Brucella, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, swine fever, and swine encephalitis are all contagious diseases that cause sows abortions and stillbirths. Vaccination and isolation should be used.

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