The scientific names of the wheat worms on wheat in our country are wheat red midge and wheat yellow midge. The wheat midge is Sitodiplosis mosellana (G6hin) and the wheat yellowworm is Comtarinia tritci (Kiby). Both belong to the Diptera, thin mosquito, is a worldwide pest. The former are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan and the plain wheat areas along the rivers; In high latitudes such as Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia.

Hosts wheat, barley, young trees, oats, rye, brome and so on.

The larvae sucked on the granules of the granules, causing pods to appear in the larvae. The larvae caused serious damage and was a devastating pest.

Morphological characteristics of wheat red midge female adult body length 2 - 2.5mm, wings about 5mm, orange-red body. Compound eyes are big, black. The forewings are transparent, there are 4 developed veins, and the hind wings degenerate into balance sticks. The antennae are slender. The antennae of females are 14 knots, rosary-shaped. Each section is elongated in an oblong circle, and two rounds of bristles are formed on the top. The chest is well-developed, the abdomen is slightly spindle-shaped, and the oviduct is fully extended. The length of the male is about 2mm, and the antennae are 14 knots. The stalk section and the middle part of the stalk are not constricted, and the whip section is 12 sections. Each section has 2 spherical bulges and round bristles. Eggs 0.09mm long, oblong, light red. The larvae have a body length of about 2-3 mm, an ellipse, an orange-yellow head, a small head, no feet, and a stork-like shape. There is a "Y"-shaped sword blade on the ventral surface of the chest. The front end is bifurcated and the depression is deep.蛹 2mm long, bare-bodied, orange-brown, white short hairs in front of head and 2 long

1 pair of breathing tubes. The female body of the wheat yellow-sucking midge is about 2 mm long, and the body is bright yellow. The ovipositor protrudes as long as the body. The male body is 1.5 mm in length, and there is no tooth on the inner edge of the base of the gripper at the end of the abdomen. Egg length o.29mm, banana-shaped. Larvae body length 2 - 2.5mm, yellow-green, smooth surface, the front of the abdomen with a sword blade, the front of the blade was curved shallow cracks, two protrusions at the end of the abdomen. It is bright yellow with 1 pair of long hairs on the head.

Life habits Wheat red midge is born one or more generations a year, with the last instar larvae rounding the soil in summer or overwintering. When the ground temperature is higher than 10°C in the next 10cm, the wheat will enter the jointing stage, and the overwintering larvae will rise to the top soil layer. The 10cm ground temperature will reach about 15°C. When the wheat is in the booting stage, the pods will be rehabilitated and decocted for 8-10 days. 10cm above ground temperature 20 °C up and down, wheat began heading, wheat red midge began feathering excavated, the day after mating eggs laid in the non-flowering ears, the emergence of adults around the heading and wheat heading phase consistent. The insects are photophobia and are lurking in the lower part of the wheat plant at noon, mostly in the early and late activities. The eggs are produced in polyphylaxis and exocytosis, cobs and spikelets, etc. Each egg produces 60-70 eggs. , adult life is about 30 days, egg period

5-7 days, the newly hatched larvae drilled into the wheat hull from the internal and external crevices, attached to the ovary or granules just grouted for 15-20 days, after 2 times of molting, the larvae shortened and hardened, began in the wheat The shells crouched against dry and hot weather, when wheat has entered the wax ripening period. In the event of high humidity or rain, a layer of skin climbed out of the Ying after the resuscitation, and the bullets landed on the ground. From the earth seams, they drilled into 1ocm to cover the summer or winter. The insects have dormant habits for many years. In the case of spring drought, some of them can't break down and phlegm. Some have already broken worms, and they can respawn and sleep again. Some dormancy periods can last up to 12 years. The reason why the wheat midge of Hebei Maihong was granted three times in the 1960s, the late 1980s, and the mid 1990s (1994-1996) was due to the promotion of fertilizer and water conditions and high-yielding cultivation techniques. The conditions of moist fertility favored emergence and survival. Wheat-maize-wheat planting occurs heavy. The second is that the midge insects have strong resilience and can sleep 6-12 years in the soil when conditions are not suitable. The third is the lack of resistant (resistant) insect species. Fourth, it is difficult to monitor the insects, and there are many missed inspections. The wheat midge is 1 generation old. The adult occurs earlier than the wheat red midge. The female lays the egg between the inner and outer larvae of the ear. The larvae infest the flower after hatching, and later grind the grouted wheat. The larvae leave the ear early, and their ability to resist moisture and drought in soil is lower than that of wheat red midge. Other habits are similar to wheat red midge. The incidence of midge is closely related to rain and humidity, and there is sufficient rainfall in the spring from March to April, which will help the overwintering larvae to increase the surface of soil, pupate, feather, spawn, and hatch. In addition, the type of wheat husks are hard, buckled and tight, seed coat thick, and the type of grain filling is light. The headings are orderly, and the heading period is different from that of adults with midge. The adults have little or no spawning and can escape from their damage. The major natural enemies include the broad-leaved gibel wasp, light-belly black bee, ants, and spiders.

Control methods (1) Selection of insect-resistant wheat varieties such as Xuzhou No. 21, Xuzhou 211, Machang No. 2, Luoyang 851, Luoyang 852, Fanzhai No. 4, Xiannong 151, Wunong No. 99, Linfen 50744, etc. . (2) Adjust the crop layout to improve the farmland environment, promote the integration of wheat-soybean, wheat or wheat, and cotton, and optimize the assembly and defense technologies. (3) Grasp the control of each insect state. Wheat midge lived in the ground for a long time, the body was small, and the number was large, and three-step prevention and control should be carried out. The first is to control the soil larvae with the poisonous soil before sowing wheat, and to treat the soil before sowing. For every 667m2, use 40% methylisophos- phate or 50% phoxim EC 200ml, spray 5 kg of water on 20kg dry soil, mix well and make poisonous soil withdraw from the ground surface, and turn it into the surface of soil effectively. The second is to remove phytoplankton at the booting stage of wheat to prevent and control larvae and pupae, which is a critical period to control this insect. When the soil temperature is 15°C, the wheat is in the booting stage. At this time, the wheat worms move to the soil surface and begin to phlegm and feather. This time is a period of weak resistance. The southern wheat area is in the late March-April of the winter. After the spring wheat field in the north entered the jointing season in May, the soil larvae broke into the soil surface and used 40% methylisoflusis or 50% phoxim EC at 667m 2 per 667m 2 . Afterwards, the land was dumped and the toxic soil was mixed into the topsoil. Can also be in the 3-5 days before the heading of wheat, in the dew after the fall of dry poisonous soil, poisonous soil method of ibid., can effectively exterminate and freshly emerged in the topsoil activity of the adults. The third is the prevention and control of adult crops at the heading and flowering stage of wheat. When the heading temperature of wheat is 20°C, the adult feather emerges or flies to the ear for spawning. At this time, in combination with controlling wheat bran, the enemy powder or enemy powder is sprayed with 667m2 of 2-73kg, and if necessary, sprayed with 40% dimethoate or 50% phoxim EC or 80% dichlorvos EC 2000x, or 2.5% deltamethrin EC or 20% cypermethrin EC 4000x or 36% chlorfenac EC 1000x. 40% Dimethoate or 50% phoxim EC, 80% Dichlorvos EC 100ml can be used for conditions or emergency, and 15kg of water can be sprayed with ultra-low volume. Water inconvenient areas or slopes, 667m2 with 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 100ml, 1-2kg of water, spray mixed in 20kg fine soil made of toxic soil applied in wheat fields also have better control effect. The egg period is longer, heavy occurrence can be continuously controlled 2 times.

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