Kyoho grapes are prone to splitting, which can be categorized into two main types: physiological cracking and pathological cracking. Understanding the causes and implementing effective prevention strategies is crucial for maintaining fruit quality and yield.
Physiological cracking typically occurs just before harvest and presents in two forms: top splitting and pedicle splitting. These cracks are deep, often causing the skin and flesh to separate, with juice leaking out. Several factors contribute to this issue:
1. **Water Stress**: A dry period followed by sudden rain can cause severe cracking. For example, during the summer of 2001, after heavy rains on August 18–19, over 80% of vineyards experienced significant cracking, with less than 20% of fruits being marketable.
2. **Soil Compaction**: Clay soils that are poorly drained can lead to water stress and poor root development, increasing the risk of fruit splitting.
3. **Tree Vigor**: In early fruiting stages, weak tree vigor can result in fruit cracking. Similarly, trees with excessive fruit load during peak growth periods may suffer from more severe cracking.
4. **Improper Fertilization**: Overuse of nitrogen-rich fertilizers, along with insufficient phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, can weaken the fruit structure and increase cracking risk.
5. **Inadequate Pruning**: Traditional pruning methods that remove too many leaves reduce the plant’s ability to regulate water, making it more susceptible to cracking during rainy periods.
6. **High Temperatures**: Unusually high temperatures in late June and July can interfere with cell division and lead to sunburn, contributing to fruit cracking.
Pathological cracking, on the other hand, is caused by diseases such as anthracnose and powdery mildew. The symptoms include peeling skin and shallow cracks, with no juice leakage. Once the disease is controlled, the affected areas may develop dry spots.
To prevent these issues, several measures can be taken:
1. **Switch to Protected Cultivation**: Using greenhouses or simple cold shelters helps control environmental conditions and reduce cracking.
2. **Improve Soil Management**: Apply balanced fertilizers, increase organic matter, and add calcium to clay soils. Deep plowing and improved drainage systems can enhance soil structure and stability.
3. **Use Mulch Films**: Covering the vineyard with mulch films helps regulate soil moisture, preventing excessive absorption of rainwater and reducing fluctuations in soil moisture levels.
4. **Control Fruit Load**: Excessive fruiting leads to poor coloration and increased cracking. Proper thinning and adjusting fruit quantity based on nutrient availability can help reduce this problem.
5. **Optimize Pruning Practices**: Avoid removing too many leaves. Instead, leave at least 25–26 healthy leaves per fruiting branch to improve moisture regulation.
6. **Maintain Loose Soil**: After rain or irrigation, loosen the soil to improve aeration and prevent compaction.
7. **Apply Timely Sprays**: Use fungicides to prevent anthracnose and powdery mildew. Avoid using growth regulators like ethephon or coloring agents that accelerate ripening, as they can worsen cracking.
By addressing both the environmental and biological factors that contribute to Kyoho grape splitting, growers can significantly improve fruit quality and overall yield.
Camera Kits System With 4 Camera
We are manufacturer of Camera Kits System With 4 Camera in China, if you want to buy Indoor Shop Surveillance 8 Camera ,Security System NVR, Wifi NVR 8 Channel please contact us.
NVR has different product forms. Although its core function is the capture, storage, management and forwarding of network video streams, different companies have different designs to complete these functions and have their own characteristics. There are mainly three types of NVR products.
The first is the PC server based NVR software product (Software Only), that is, the manufacturer provides the NVR software plus license mode, which can be installed on any standard PC or server that meets the requirements.
The second is the NVR overall solution of software and hardware integration provided by the manufacturer, that is, the manufacturer installs the NVR software on its customized PC server, which is the so-called Turnkey Solution product.
The third is embedded NVR products, namely embedded devices based on embedded hardware platforms and operating systems; In addition, there are storage management integrated devices developed by storage device manufacturers, which are not the mainstream NVR form.
In terms of stability, although the reliability of PC based NVR system is not as high as that of embedded NVR system, compared with PC based DVR system, the PC based NVR system has relatively simple functions, fewer failure links and better stability than PC based DVR system.
In terms of scalability, as the PC based NVR system is based on the general PC platform and the general operating system, its hardware interface is universal, open and standardized, which is easy to be compatible with other hardware, and software development is also relatively convenient. However, due to the high hardware integration, single interface, poor compatibility with other hardware, and weak incidental functions of embedded software, the secondary development of embedded NVR is relatively complicated.
Camera Kits System With 4 Camera,Indoor Shop Surveillance 8 Camera ,Security System NVR, Wifi NVR 8 Channel
Shenzhen Fuvision Electronics Co., Ltd. , https://www.outdoorsolarcamera.com