From birth to one year of age is considered infancy, a critical stage for brain development. Research on the impact of nutrition on children's cognitive growth reveals that the proliferation of brain cells occurs only once in a lifetime. The most crucial period for brain development spans from the last three months of pregnancy to the first six months of life. Similarly, other parts of the baby’s body also have specific developmental windows. This highlights the importance of proper nutrition during infancy, as it plays a vital role in shaping both physical health and intellectual potential.
During this time, an infant’s brain and organs grow rapidly, requiring a high level of nutrients. However, their digestive system, while similar in structure to adults, is not yet fully developed, with weak digestive capabilities. As a result, the variety and quantity of food must be carefully managed, adjusting as the child grows.
For infants aged 1 to 2 months, they are capable of sucking and swallowing, but their digestive system is still immature and sensitive. Breastfeeding is strongly recommended, as breast milk provides the ideal balance of nutrients, antibodies, and enzymes that support optimal growth. It contains the right proportions of protein, fat, and carbohydrates, which are essential for development. To supplement vitamins D and C, small amounts of cod liver oil, fruit juice, and vegetable juice can be introduced. If breastfeeding is not possible, formula can be used as a supplement. At this stage, starch-based foods like rice cereal or porridge should be avoided, as the baby’s salivary and pancreatic amylase levels are low, making it difficult to digest such foods.
By 3 to 4 months, the baby’s digestion has improved slightly, but it is still not fully mature. In addition to breast milk, fruit and vegetable juices, along with cod liver oil, can be introduced. Carrot juice, tomato juice, and orange juice are good options, and a small amount of egg yolk or vegetable puree may also be added.
At 5 to 6 months, the baby can begin to chew soft foods, and their amylase production increases. Alongside breast milk, thin noodles, soft porridge, and small amounts of eggs, meat puree, fish paste, liver paste, and vegetable puree can be introduced to provide additional protein, iron, and vitamins.
Between 7 to 8 months, the baby starts teething, and their chewing ability improves. Soft solid foods like steamed bread or biscuits can be introduced to help develop their teeth and jaw muscles. Porridge, soft noodles, and pasty foods can also be offered, gradually increasing in variety as the baby grows.
From 9 to 12 months, the child has more teeth and better digestion. Foods can become more varied, including fine noodles, small dumplings, minced meat porridge, and chopped vegetables. The texture of the food can be adjusted to match the child’s abilities.
After 12 months, the infant transitions into early childhood. Their chewing and digestive functions are stronger, allowing them to eat foods similar to adults. They should continue consuming dairy products 1-2 times a day, and weaning should be complete by this stage. Solid foods such as soft rice, minced meat, chopped vegetables, eggs, fish, tofu, and fruits can be included to ensure a balanced intake of nutrients.
When introducing supplementary foods, it’s important to start gradually—increasing the quantity and variety slowly to allow the baby to adapt without causing digestive issues. Monitoring stool changes during this process helps assess how well the baby is tolerating new foods. It’s best to introduce new foods before feeding, and fruit or vegetable juices should be given after meals or between feedings.
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