Fermentation and deodorization of fertilizers to prevent infectious diseases
July 23 13:01:00, 2025
With the ongoing transformation of China's agricultural industry and the evolving dietary habits of its residents, aquaculture has experienced significant growth across different regions. This rapid expansion has led to a substantial increase in livestock and poultry waste, posing serious environmental challenges and hindering the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. To address this pressing issue, numerous companies have introduced various solutions. However, many of these approaches require expensive machinery and equipment, making them unsuitable for smaller-scale or less profitable farming operations.
On the other hand, there are simpler and more cost-effective methods that can be widely adopted by farmers. One such method is the use of microbial starters, which offer a comprehensive solution that not only reduces costs but also helps prevent diseases and ensures environmental safety. This approach is both practical and efficient, making it an attractive option for small and medium-sized farms.
The process begins by mixing livestock and poultry manure with an appropriate amount of straw, followed by the addition of a microbial fermentation agent. The temperature of the mixture goes through a cycle of "medium-temperature, high-temperature, and then medium-temperature" stages. During the initial phase, medium-temperature microorganisms dominate, consuming oxygen and initiating the breakdown of easily degradable organic materials like simple sugars, starches, and proteins. This leads to heat generation, causing the pile temperature to rise gradually to around 50°C. This stage is known as the "warming period" or "heating phase."
As the temperature continues to increase, it enters the "high-temperature phase," reaching 65–70°C or even higher. At this stage, pathogenic microorganisms and viruses are effectively eliminated due to the intense heat. This high-temperature period typically lasts 4–7 days, ensuring thorough disinfection. Alongside the decomposition of soluble organic matter, complex substances like cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin begin to break down. A process called "humification" also occurs, where organic matter transforms into stable humus.
Once the temperature drops back to a medium level, the material enters the maturation phase. Actinomycetes become dominant, leading to the formation of white fungal hyphae on the surface of the pile. The final product emits a mild, wine-like aroma, indicating the production of high-quality organic fertilizer. Additionally, properly fermented chicken manure can be safely used as animal feed, offering a sustainable and nutritious alternative for livestock.