There are many similarities between watermelon fungal wilt and bacterial wilt symptoms. They are not easy to distinguish in production activities and are easily confused. As a result, improper control, delaying prevention and control, and causing major losses, they are fundamentally different. .
First, the difference between symptoms
1, fungal wilt disease. Watermelon can develop in the whole growth period. In the seedling stage, the cotyledon is wilt, the fibrous roots are small, the base shrinks, and it is easy to turn brown. Stretched nectarine stage disease, diseased leaves from the bottom was wilting water loss, wilting at noon at the onset of the initial night can return to normal. Generally, it dies in 3-5 days, and most of the whole plant's dead leaves are brown and do not fall off from the stems. Some of them are vines or two bunches withering and the rest are normal. Stem base prone to longitudinal cracks, cracks often spilled gum. The roots were rotted and rotted. When the humidity was high, the diseased parts appeared pink moldy material. The vascular bundles became brown at the base of the vertical stems at the time of onset.
2, bacterial wilt. Also known as watermelon bacterial wilt, it is mainly responsible for stem vines. The upper stems of the infected plants showed wilting, and finally the whole plant withered and died. Cut open the stem by hand, there is milky pus overflow. However, vascular bundles generally do not change color, and the disease does not rot at the roots. This is an important symptom that distinguishes it from fungal blight.
Second, the pathogen difference
1, fungal wilt disease. Infected by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum fungus, the fungus mainly damages watermelon, most of them do not harm cucumbers, melons, etc. The pathogens are generally distributed in the 15-30 cm tillage layer. Plants can be pathogenic at 8-34°C and 24-32°C is the optimum temperature.
2, bacterial wilt. It is infested by Erwinia graminis wilt of watermelon wilt. Besides killing watermelon, this bacterium also harms gourd crops such as wax gourd, melon and cucumber. The optimum growth temperature is 25-30°C, the lowest is 8°C, and the highest is 42°C. - 10 minutes to death.
Third, the difference in disease conditions
1, fungal wilt disease. Mainly depends on the spread of soil, especially unfamiliar organic fertilizer. Embryos, apical roots and wounds invade the plate. The degree of disease depends on the amount of seedlings infested in the year. Improper irrigation, heavy rain, heavy soil, and heavy application. Nitrogenous fertilizers are often used in low-lying fields, and organic fertilizers that are not decomposed, organic fertilizers, extensive management, acidity of the soil, weather changes, and soil pests are all harmful.
2, bacterial wilt. The bacteria invade the infected plants from the wound. During the growing period of the watermelon, the bacteria invaded through the mediator beetle several times. If there is a large amount of leaf beetles that are overwintering, the amount of bacteria is large, and the warm winter is conducive to the onset of disease. During the growing season of watermelon, it is fine when it is rainy, and when the weather is hot, the incidence is heavy.
Fourth, the difference between prevention and control methods
1. Fungal wilt disease (1) Selection of resistant varieties, such as Zheng Kang 1, Zheng Kang 2, Super Jing Xin No. 1.
(2) The land that has not been planted with watermelons for more than 7 years is selected for the land that has been planted for more than seven years, and it is recommended to implement a paddy-upland cropping rotation and rotate with non-guad crops to adopt grafted cultivation.
(3) Seed treatment can be soaked in warm water at 55-60°C for 10 minutes or soaked in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times for 30 minutes.
(4) Nutrient soil used for seedbeds and seedlings is not used for watermelon land, and rooting is avoided during the transplanting of watermelon, and the control of nematodes is emphasized.
(5) The farmyard manure should undergo high-temperature composting, promote the use of fermented bacillus bacillus fertilizer, do not apply nitrogenous fertilizer, and promote the application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer. The acidic soil can be treated with lime or plant ash, and the watering should not be irrigated, and the diseased vines should be removed in time. Bring me deeply to the ground.
(6) 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-fold solution and 70% double-effect 1200-fold agent were used for spraying control at the seedling stage, the sapling stage, the extension stage, and the sapling stage. In the early stage of disease, 50 kg of water was used to irrigate the roots of each bag of NEB, and 100 mg of each liquid was sprayed, or 4% of the agricultural anti-120 water agent was 100 mg/kg, or 30% of hymexazide was 500 mg/kg. Strain irrigation 150-200 ml liquid, once every 7-10 days, even irrigation 2 times, can receive better therapeutic effect. Before and after fruit setting, use cell division green 500-600 times solution plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or add 6g borax per 20-30kg water, 50% carbendazim WP 10g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10g Spraying plants once every 7-10 days, even spraying 3-5 times, can increase production and prevent disease.
2. Bacterial wilt disease (1) Pay attention to control watermelon beetles and reduce wounds.
(2) The diseased plant was found to be removed in a timely manner and lime was used to disinfect the diseased point.
(3) In the initial stage of disease, spray with 78% Mn-Zn wettable powder 500 times or 47% Garnett WP 700 times, once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times.

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