The so-called “Chen Hualiang” refers to food that has been stored in grain storage for more than one year, and its quality has been severely reduced. "Chenhualiang" has exceeded the standard for mold, and the state strictly prohibits it from directly serving as a ration, and it can only be sold to brewing, feed, and other large industrial grain producers through auctions. Then, can the “Chen Hualiang” with excessive mold levels produce feed for raising livestock and poultry?

Many farmers report that, although feed formulations and raw materials have not changed, the effects of keeping livestock and poultry vary greatly. In terms of pigs, the occurrence of spurious estrus in the gilts, swelling in the genitals, and rectal valgus; long-term infertility in sows, increased miscarriage rate in pregnant sows; vomiting, reduced feed intake, slow growth, and reduced feed conversion rate in pigs producing finishing pigs The quality of boar semen decreased. In terms of poultry, the production of poultry eggs becomes smaller, the shells become brittle, the color becomes shallower, the egg production rate decreases, the hatching rate of the hatching eggs is low, the young birds develop stomatitis, and the growth is hindered. The culprit was detected by mycotoxins. The main toxins were six kinds of aflatoxin, t-2 toxin, vomitoxin, zearalenone, ochratoxin and fumonisin. These mycotoxins were detected mainly from mouldy corn, moldy wheat bran, and aged grains, and were detected in the full-price compound feeds used by livestock and poultry.

Moldy corn, moldy wheat bran, and aging grain have a great impact on the health and growth performance of livestock and poultry. Among them, aflatoxin can be transferred to milk, eggs, livestock and poultry's internal organs and muscles after being eaten by livestock and poultry. People who eat foods containing low concentrations of aflatoxin for a long time are important factors in inducing liver cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. Farmers should be cautious about converting “Chenhualiang” into “feed grain”. Pay attention to the following points in the process of feed production and use:

1. Obvious moldy feed ingredients must not be used for feed production;

2. The mycotoxin should be tested when raw materials are not visible to the naked eye. For example, toxins can not be used for feed production.

3. Although mycotoxins are detected in the raw materials, they do not exceed the standards. Toxic toxin adsorbents should be added to feeds to reduce or eliminate the effects of mycotoxins;

4, the procurement of raw materials just listed due to excessive moisture, easy to mold growth, should not be stored for a long time, should be used up as soon as possible;

5, raw materials or finished feed warehouse should be kept ventilated and dry.

Ventilator block diagram
One. Main mechanical ventilation modes
(1) Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and zero pressure in the expiratory phase. 1. Working principle: The ventilator generates positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and presses the gas into the lungs. After the pressure rises to a certain level or the inhaled volume reaches a certain level, the ventilator stops supplying air, the exhalation valve opens, and the patient's thorax Passive collapse of the lungs and exhalation. 2. Clinical application: Various patients with respiratory failure mainly based on ventilation function, such as COPD.
(2) Intermittent positive and negative pressure ventilation (IPNPV): the inspiratory phase is positive pressure and the expiratory phase is negative pressure. 1. How it works: The ventilator works both in the inspiratory and exhaled phases. 2. Clinical application: Expiratory negative pressure can cause alveolar collapse and cause iatrogenic atelectasis.
(3) Continuous positive pressure airway ventilation (CPAP): Refers to the patient's spontaneous breathing and artificial positive airway pressure during the entire respiratory cycle. 1. Working principle: Inspiratory phase gives continuous positive pressure air flow, and exhalation phase also gives a certain resistance, so that the airway pressure of inhalation and exhalation phases are higher than atmospheric pressure. 2. Advantages: The continuous positive pressure airflow during inhalation is greater than the inspiratory airflow, which saves the patient's inhalation effort, increases FRC, and prevents the collapse of the airway and alveoli. Can be used for exercise before going offline. 3. Disadvantages: great interference to circulation, large pressure injury of lung tissue.
(4) Intermittent command ventilation and synchronized intermittent command ventilation (IMV / SIMV) IMV: There is no synchronization device, the ventilator air supply does not require the patient's spontaneous breathing trigger, and the time of each air supply in the breathing cycle is not constant. 2. SIMV: There is a synchronization device. The ventilator gives the patient a commanded breath according to the pre-designed breathing parameters every minute. The patient can breathe spontaneously without being affected by the ventilator. 3. Advantages: It exerts its ability to regulate breathing while offline; it has less influence on circulation and lungs than IPPV; it reduces the use of shock medicine to a certain extent. 4. Application: It is generally considered to be used when off-line. When R <5 times / min, it still maintains a good oxygenation state. You can consider off-line. Generally, PSV is added to avoid respiratory muscle fatigue.
(5) Mandatory ventilation per minute (MMV) When spontaneous breathing> preset minute ventilation, the ventilator does not command ventilation, but only provides a continuous positive pressure. 2. When spontaneous breathing is less than the preset minute ventilation volume, the ventilator performs command ventilation to increase the minute ventilation volume to reach the preset level.
(6) Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Definition: Under the prerequisite of spontaneous breathing, each inhalation receives a certain level of pressure support, increasing the patient's inhalation depth and inhalation volume. 2. How it works: The inspiratory pressure begins with the patient's inspiratory action, and ends when the inspiratory flow rate decreases to a certain level or the patient attempts to exhale hard. Compared with IPPV, the pressure it supports is constant, and it is adjusted by the feedback of the inspiratory flow rate. Compared with SIMV, it can get pressure support for each inhalation, but the level of support can be set according to different needs. 3. Application: SIMV + PSV: used for preparation before off-line, can reduce breathing work and oxygen consumption Indications: Exercise the ventilator; prepare before going offline; the ventilator is weak due to various reasons; severe flail chest causes abnormal breathing. 5. Note: Generally not used alone, it will produce insufficient or excessive ventilation.
(7) Volume Supported Ventilation (VSV): Each breath is triggered by the patient's spontaneous breathing. The patient can also breathe without any support and can reach the expected TV and MV levels. The ventilator will allow the patient to be truly autonomous Breathing also applies to preparations before going offline.
(8) Capacity control of pressure regulation
(IX) Biphasic or bilevel positive pressure ventilation How it works: P1 is equivalent to inspiratory pressure, P2 is equivalent to breathing pressure, T1 is equivalent to inspiratory time, and T2 is equivalent to exhalation time. 2. Clinical application: (1) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2 = 0 or PEEP, T2 = expiratory time, which is equivalent to IPPV. (2) When P1 = PEEP, T1 = infinity, P2 = 0, T2 = O, which is equivalent to CPAP. (3) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2-0 or PEEP, T2 = desired controlled inhalation cycle, equivalent to SIMV.

Medical Positive Pressure Breathing Machine

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