Fusarium wilt is one of the main diseases of sesame. It is commonly found in major sesame producing areas in Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Hebei, and Jiangxi. The incidence rate is generally 10% to 20%. In severe cases, it reaches 30%, which can reduce production by 30%, and the quality of sesame seeds is significantly reduced. Therefore, the control of fusarium wilt is the key to increasing yield and income of sesame.

First, the symptoms

Sesame wilt can occur from the seedling stage to the adult stage. The onset of seedling emergence or death. At the root stage of the adult plant, the roots of the disease are often half-brown and become brown and extend upward along the stem. The appearance of the corresponding stem turns into a reddish-brown dry stripe. When the humidity is high, a pink mold layer appears, which is the conidia of the pathogen. . The diseased leaves on one side turn yellow and die after wilting, which is a typical vascular disease. In general, the diseased plants were shorter and shorter than those between healthy plants. The diseased grains are lean and easy to blow and fall.

Second, transmission routes and conditions

The germs latent in the seed with hyphae or winter in the soil with the diseased body. Infestation of seedling roots in the following year, invasion from the root tip or wound, can also directly infect the roots, enter the catheter, and spread upward to the various parts of the plant. Continual land, high ground temperature and high humidity in the barren sandy loam are prone to disease. There are differences in disease resistance among varieties.

Third, comprehensive control measures

1. Plant resistant varieties. There is a significant difference in disease resistance among varieties, and promotion of disease-resistant varieties is an economically effective measure to prevent and treat the disease. According to the actual situation in the local area, it is necessary to select disease-resistant varieties suitable for local cultivation according to local conditions.

2. Reasonable rotation. The fistula is closely related to the occurrence of wilt disease, and rational rotation is an important measure to prevent diseases and increase production. Implementation of 2 to 5 years of rotation can reduce the incidence of the disease. The rotation crops are preferably cereal crops, and should not be rotated with severely affected crops such as peanuts, beans and jute.

3. Ditch cultivation. Sesame is a crop that is resistant to drought and drought. When the crop is pickled, the disease is serious. The cultivation of the ditch can achieve the purpose of preventing the disease. When planting, it must be of high standard and high quality. The field drainage system should be established. The general compartment width should be 2 to 5 meters, and the depth of the trench should be 15 to 20 centimeters. It is advisable to connect the land boundary trench, the head trench, and the external drainage trench to the 3 trenches. Water can drain, dark water can leak.

4. Scientific fertilization. Apply less nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, make plants grow robustly, and increase disease resistance. The application of pure nitrogen should be controlled at 15 kg/mu and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 1:1:1. The applied manure or compost must be fully cooked before application.

5. Chemical seed dressing. Before the seeding, the seed dressing is carried out to kill the pathogens on the seeds and reduce the bacteria source of the initial infection so as to achieve the purpose of preventing disease. Use 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, using 0.2% to 0.3% of the seed amount. The control effect was 86.37% and 82.04%; the yield increase effect was 19.10% and 18.67%.

6. Seasonal spraying. After the disease is found in the field, it should be sprayed in time. The dosage can be 40% carbendazim 800 times or 2.5%, 1,000 times, 50% speed gram 1000 times, and 40% anti-Kue Ning 1000 times. For 50 kg/mu, spraying once every 7 to 10 days, continuous spraying 2 or 3 times.

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