Planting virus-free potatoes is a high-yield, high-efficiency technology developed in our county in recent years. In the end of February and early March to take plastic film sowing, harvest in late May, the general yield of 2,000 to 2,500 kilograms of potatoes, but it was the off-season potatoes, the price is good, the efficiency is considerable, generally more than 2,000 yuan in revenue. If it is interplanted with cotton, the output per mu will not exceed 1500-2000 kg, and the mu income will be 1500-2000 yuan. The main technical points are as follows:

First, choose land for land preparation

Planting potatoes should be suitable for loose and fertile soils, deep soil layers, neutral or slightly acidic soils that can be pumped and discharged, and should not be replanted, and should not be planted in eggplant or cruciferous crops such as cabbage or cabbage. Blocks are planted to prevent communal diseases. Apply 500 to 1,000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre before the soil is frozen. The content of compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide) in the form of potassium sulfate is more than 45%. Base fertilizer is used for 50 to 60 kg. , And winter irrigation or pouring water in early spring.

Second, preparation and sowing

1. Ample resources are available. At present, the virus-free potato varieties that are suitable for planting in our county are Feiwu Ruiqi and Zhongshu No.3, while Feiwu Ruiqi has better commercial products than Zhongshu No.3. The average potato monocrop needs about 150 kilograms of seed potato per acre, and the amount of seed potatoes used in the intercropping area of ​​cotton and potatoes is different according to the intercropping pattern. Potatoes and cotton are used in 2:1 (ie, two rows of potatoes and one row of cotton). About 125 kilograms, potato and cotton 2:2 planting needs to use about 100 kilograms of seed potatoes, potato and cotton 1:2 planting needs about 80 kilograms of seed potatoes. Farmers pay attention to protection against the cold and heat after preparing the plants, and generally store them safely in the winter without freezing the room.

2. Pre-germination. Germination method: The seed potato is picked out of the diseased potato and the rotten potato. The first step is to put germination at 15-20°C under astigmatism conditions for 10 to 13 days (generally 20 days before sowing), and the second is to go to the sunny place 1 month before sowing. Dig a sunny rice dumpling 1 meter wide, 0.4 meter deep, and long (depending on the amount of potatoes), pour the potatoes in, cover a thickness of 20 to 30 cm, cover a dark cloth and shading, and then use plastic film. Seal the gargle tightly and keep it warm at night. Turn on the grass and heat it up during the day. Turn it over frequently. After the buds grow 0.5 to 1 cm, they are transplanted into the light spot and cultivated for 7 to 10 days to grow the buds. Turn them on for a few days until the white buds turn green or purple.

3. Cut the block. 2 to 3 days before sowing, the buds are cut by spiral cutting. Seed pieces are required to be 25-35 grams. Each piece should retain at least 1 bud, and 30-40 pieces per kilogram of potatoes. Prepare the tool for disinfection before cutting. Two or more tools should be prepared and soaked in alcohol or 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for alternate use. To prevent bacteria spread through the tool.

4. Sowing time and method. Before the convulsions (the end of February and the beginning of March), conduct ditching, fertilization, and sowing. Generally according to the spacing of 50 to 60 centimeters, about 15 centimeters of ditching, 25 to 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate per acre is applied in the ditch, and 1.5 to 2 kilograms of insecticidal granules are applied at the same time to prevent and control underground pests, which are planted in the ditch at a spacing of 25 cm. Potatoes, then covered with earth about 5 cm, then covered with plastic film to increase the temperature and promote the emergence of seedlings.

Third, field management

1. Seedling management and cultivator cultivation. Potatoes were cultivating tillage in the pre-emergence and seedling period to raise the ground temperature, and after emergence, no wind was selected to carry out membrane rupture and seedlings and seal. The bud stage is combined with cultivator to cultivate soil, and the soil should reach 10-15 cm, which can effectively prevent the potato block from appearing on the ground and turn green to affect the quality. It is also conducive to increase the level of tuber, and to form multiple potato and big potato.

2. Fertilizer management. On the basis of applying basic fertilizer and pouring water at the bottom of the foot, it is generally not top-dressing at the seedling stage. During the bud to flowering period, the film is watered, and the combination of watering and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers for 15 to 20 kilograms per acre can be used. After entering the formation of the potato block, a small amount of water is poured, and watering is stopped 5 to 7 days before harvest. Water should not be flooded throughout the whole growing season. Do not flood the water.

3. Controlling. Before and after budding, spraying paclobutrazol on Wangchangtian was chemically controlled and controlled.

4. Pick flowers. When potato is in flowering stage, it is the period of underground tuber enlargement. Removing the buds can effectively transfer the above-ground nutrients to the underground, providing tuber enlargement and significantly increasing potato production.

5. Timely pest control. The main diseases of potato are late blight and viral diseases, and the main pests are aphids. The locusts should be controlled in time, diseased plants should be found, and spraying should be promptly controlled.

6. Harvest. In the yellow potato stems and leaves, the base leaves yellow off, shrinking stolons, lignification of the tuber surface can no longer be enlarged, the yield per mu can reach 2000 to 2500 kg. Can also be marketed in time according to market demand, although the output is not the highest, but due to high prices, economic benefits are also good.

Fourth, set of mode

1. Between potatoes and hybrid cotton 2:1. Take 2 rows of potatoes and 1 row of cotton, planting patterns along the 140 cm area. One membrane for two purposes. A 120 cm wide mulch film was used, with one row of potatoes on each side of the film, one row of cotton in the middle, and 40 cm between the film and the film. The density of potatoes is 4,000 per acre, and the density of cotton is about 1900 per acre. This model generally uses hybrid cotton as an intercropping variety.

2. Between 2:2 potatoes and cotton. 180 cm area. The potato spacing is 60 centimeters and the spacing is 25 centimeters. The spacing between cotton and the distance between potato and cotton is 40 centimeters. The density of potato and cotton is about 2900 per mu. This model uses either hybrid cotton or conventional cotton.

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