Discrimination and Prevention of Horseshoe Physiological Red Tail and Horseshoe Rod Blight
July 06 08:20:20, 2025
Horseshoe physiological red tail is a common physiological disorder caused by long-term deficiency of essential micronutrients such as boron, zinc, iron, and manganese in the soil where horseshoes are cultivated. This condition primarily affects the tail part of the horseshoe stalk, causing uniform yellowing without visible spots. On the other hand, horseshoe stem blight typically occurs during the late growth stage, usually from September to October. It thrives under high temperature and humidity conditions, and mainly damages the leaf sheath, stems, and flowers. Initially, the affected areas appear water-soaked, then turn dark green, and eventually lead to complete wilting of the leaves. The entire plant may wither after infection. The disease often starts from the center and spreads outward. Affected leaves frequently show black spots, and under high humidity, a light gray mold layer may form on the surface. The disease spreads through wind, water, and soil.
To prevent and control physiological red tail, early intervention is crucial. For fields already showing severe symptoms, it's recommended to apply 2-3 kg of a ten-element boron fertilizer or a boron-zinc-iron-magnesium compound per acre. Foliar spraying can also be effective—mix 100 grams of ten-element boron fertilizer with 150 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 50-60 liters of water, and spray the stems and leaves every 5-7 days for 1-3 applications depending on severity.
For horseshoe stem blight, start with disease-free seeds and treat seedlings before planting. Soak bulbs in a solution containing 25% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at 100 grams per 100 liters of water mixed with 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl at 1500 times dilution for 12-24 hours. After soaking, dry the bulbs thoroughly before planting. Apply another spray before transplanting. Before planting, soak seedlings in the same solution for over 6 hours, and remove any diseased or weak seedlings.
Good agricultural practices are essential. Ensure proper spacing, balanced watering, and appropriate nutrient management. Pay special attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Increase the use of phosphorus and potassium while avoiding excessive nitrogen application. Properly apply dihydrogen phosphate and promptly remove infected plants, leaves, and stems, burning them in concentrated areas. Implement crop rotation, especially in older fields, for more than three years to effectively manage the disease.
Chemical control should be applied as a preventive measure in fields without visible symptoms. In the early stages of disease, products like Good Think, Love Miao, R&F Library, Enemy Off, Shi Bao Gong, Wei Wei, and Enemy Forces can be used. These products should be alternated based on the situation, applying one spray every 7-10 days for 2-3 consecutive times. A small amount of neutral detergent powder or other adjuvants can be added to improve the spray’s adherence and effectiveness.
What antioxidant ingredients are included in cosmetics?
Antioxidants are a class of chemical substances that can delay or prevent oxidation reactions and can effectively protect ingredients in cosmetics from oxidative damage. Oxidation is a chemical reaction caused by free radicals, which can lead to quality changes, color changes, odor changes and even spoilage of ingredients in cosmetics. The role of antioxidants is to maintain the stability and quality of cosmetics by trapping free radicals and inhibiting the occurrence of oxidative reactions.
Common antioxidants include vitamin C, vitamin E, polyphenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble antioxidant that reacts with free radicals to inhibit oxidative reactions. Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat-soluble antioxidant that traps free radicals in the lipid environment and protects lipids from oxidation. Polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids are a class of natural antioxidants that can be derived from plants and have strong antioxidant capacity. In cosmetics, antioxidants are often added to products such as skincare, sunscreen, and anti-aging products to slow down the oxidation process and maintain their stability and effectiveness. Antioxidants can also provide additional skin care benefits such as anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and blemish reduction. However, antioxidants need to be used with caution and overuse may lead to irritation or allergic reactions. Therefore, when using antioxidants in cosmetics, the amount of antioxidants used needs to be rationally selected and controlled according to the formulation of the product and the purpose of use.
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