Jujube tree pruning is typically divided into two main phases: dormant season pruning and growing season pruning. Pruning during the active growth period has minimal nutrient loss, offers better results in shaping the tree and promoting fruit set, and should be widely encouraged. In practice, if proper summer pruning is maintained after planting, the workload for winter pruning can be significantly reduced.
1. Dormant season pruning, also known as winter shearing, refers to the pruning done when the jujube tree has shed its leaves and before new growth begins. The primary goal of winter pruning is to develop strong framework branches, adjust the tree structure, and rejuvenate branch groups. However, jujube trees heal slowly from wounds. In northern regions like Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Hebei, where harsh winter winds are common, it's best to perform winter pruning between early March and early April to avoid excessive sap loss. Pruning too late may interfere with the development of the jujube shoot, leading to weak growth and making it difficult to establish a strong branch system. In southern jujube-growing areas, pruning during dormancy can be done throughout the entire season.
2. Summer pruning, or growing season cutting, involves pruning from the time the jujube tree starts sprouting until the end of the growing season. The purpose of summer pruning is to regulate nutrient distribution, prevent unnecessary energy consumption, reduce excessive flowering, increase fruit set, and improve fruit quality. Additionally, it allows for the timely removal of diseased or unwanted branches, helping to control pests and diseases effectively. This type of pruning is essential for maintaining a healthy and productive jujube tree throughout the year.