Pruning of jujube trees is typically divided into two main periods: dormant season pruning and growing season pruning. Pruning during the growing season is more beneficial because it causes less nutrient loss and helps shape the tree while promoting better fruit set. This method should be strongly encouraged. In fact, if proper summer pruning is maintained after planting, the amount of work needed during the dormant season can be significantly reduced.
1. Dormant season pruning, often referred to as winter pruning, takes place after the leaves have fallen and before new growth begins. The main goal of this type of pruning is to develop strong structural branches, adjust the overall tree shape, and rejuvenate branch groups. Jujube trees heal slowly from wounds, so timing is crucial. In northern regions of China, such as Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Hebei, where cold winds are common in winter, winter pruning is usually done between early March and early April. However, it's important not to delay too long, as late pruning can affect the development of the jujube buds, leading to weak growth and making it harder to establish a good branch structure. In southern jujube-growing areas, pruning during dormancy can be done throughout the entire period.
2. Summer pruning, also known as growing season pruning, involves cutting throughout the active growing period, starting from when the jujube trees begin to sprout. The primary purpose of summer pruning is to regulate nutrient distribution, prevent unnecessary energy consumption, reduce excessive flowering, increase fruit set, and improve fruit quality. Additionally, it allows for the timely removal of diseased or unwanted branches, which helps in managing pests and supports integrated pest management practices. Regular summer pruning not only enhances tree health but also makes the overall maintenance process more efficient and sustainable.