Lily cultivation technique in sunlight greenhouse
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1.1 Soil selection Lily roots are well developed, requiring deep soil, loose soil, good drainage, air permeability, and slightly acidic or sandy soil. If the pH value is too high or too low, dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sodium hydroxide may be used for adjustment. In areas with higher alkaline content, ammonium nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and ammonium sulfate may be added to promote the absorption of phosphorus and potassium. The suitable pH value of Asian lily is 6-7, and the oriental lily is 5.5-6.5.
Before planting lily, the soil must be disinfected. There are two commonly used methods: steam disinfection and chemical disinfection; steam disinfection, although effective, is troublesome and costly. Chemical disinfection is simple and requires little facilities. The specific approach is to use 40% formalin to mix the soil with a 1:50 or 1:100 solution. The amount of 667 square meters is 9 kg. Then covered with plastic film 6 to 7 days, uncovered after drying 10 to 15 days can be planted.
1.2 Thirty to forty days before planting, land formation shall be carried out. Every 5 to 8 tons of organic manure, such as cow dung, pig manure, and chicken manure, shall be fully applied to every 667 m2 of land, and deep-turned by 30 cm. The width of the face is 90 cm, the width of the groove is 30, and the height of the skull is 25 cm. One flooding week before planting.
2. Variety selection Winter and spring planting should choose strong growth potential, high plant height, thick stem varieties, autumn planting need to choose the light-insensitive varieties, the summer should use heat resistance, disease resistance, high stem, blind flower rate is low The variety.
3. Planting
3.1 Ball handling After domestically purchased bulbs or imported bulbs are treated with germination, if bulbs have germinated, they do not need to be re-germinated. This will not only increase the utilization of the solar greenhouse, but also have the same growth period and flowering period. Before the planting, the bulbs that have not germinated will be discharged on a mixed matrix or vermiculite of 3-4 cm thick sterilized sawdust and peat, and then covered with 2 to 3 cm of matrix or vermiculite, and placed on water after 8~ The germination was performed under the condition of 23°C, and it normally germinated within 4 to 5 days.
3.2 Planting time Planting time depends on the time of the flowering and the growing period of the species. New year's day and Spring Festival are the main flowering objectives. The suitable planting time is in the early and mid-late October. It is generally planted before October 20.
3.3 Planting Density The cultivation density of Lilium cut flowers should be higher, and the dense planting can make the stem upright. The specific cultivation density depends on the variety characteristics, bulb size and cultivation season and other factors. Bulbs of the same size, plant tall varieties should be thin, planting density is smaller, plant smaller or compact varieties, planting density suitable for a little dense, in the light is sufficient, the temperature is slightly higher in the spring can be denser, in the rainy summer To be thinner, lighter, cooler temperatures in autumn and winter are less frequent. The general spacing is 12-15 cm.
3.4 Planting methods are generally planting trenches and covering the soil after planting. When planting, the bud should be planted straight. If the bud head is over 5 centimeters long, the root recovery period will be longer and the bud head and new root will be easily damaged.
3.5 Planting depth It is appropriate to keep the soil layer above the bulb in the depth of 6 to 8 cm in winter, spring and autumn so that the stem root does not appear on the soil surface after germination and growth. In the summer, the soil layer above the bulb is kept 10 to 15 centimeters to reduce the temperature of the root environment, and the top must be covered with sawdust or straw.
4. Growth period management
4.1 Watering Irrigation once after planting. During the growth period of lily, sufficient water is needed to maintain the growth of stems and leaves and the development of flower buds. In addition to controlling the water at the seedling stage and after flowering, it is necessary to keep the surface wet as possible, especially for plants up to about 20 cm. Time. Avoid watering or spraying water at noon when the weather is strong and the temperature is high. Otherwise, physiological diseases such as bud blight, "blind flower" and "split" can easily occur.
4.2 Fertilizing lily usually does not require cultivating topdressing, mainly foliar dressing. From budding to flowering, spray 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 15 days. If upper leaves and flower buds are yellow (old leaves are normal), spray 0.2%～0.3% sulfuric acid in time. Iron 2 to 3 times, if you find that the new leaves are normal, the old leaves are yellow, the growth potential is poor, and there are more nitrogen fertilizers, you can spray 0.3% urea on the leaf surface or apply 2 to 3 times of thin manure water to the soil. Apply 2 to 3 times 0.3% to 0.5% compound fertilizer leaching solution.
4.3Temperature and humidity Winter flowers, usually in late October cover film insulation, longevity PVC non-drip film is appropriate, the best temperature before the stem root is not grown is 9 ~ 13 °C, stem root growth after the optimum temperature For 14 ~ 25 °C, the best daytime temperature should not exceed 28 °C, the best night temperature is not less than 10 °C, day and night temperature control at 10 °C is appropriate. Here should also pay attention to ventilation and cooling, ventilation, ventilation can not be opened very quickly, summer and autumn flowers, sunny shade net to reduce the plant surface temperature and ambient temperature, rainy days must be promptly lifted to reduce humidity, beware Epidemic hazards.
4.4 Zhang net When the plant reaches 35 cm, it will begin to open the net. The length of the side of the grid is 10 cm. It is appropriate to raise the net in time with the growth of the plants.
4.5 Supplemental light The length of daylight has a great influence on the growth and flowering of lily. To promote lily flowering ahead of schedule, light-sensitive species can be treated with a 200 watt high-pressure sodium lamp for 4 hours at night (ie, 20 o'clock to 0 o'clock). This treatment is more effective than the evening illumination for 6 to 8 hours. The specific approach is: 25 to 30 square meters, hang 200 watts at a height of 2 meters to install a high-pressure sodium lamp reflective device.
5. Pest control
5.1 Disease Lilies have pest and disease hazards during the storage period of bulbs and during the whole growth period after planting. Attention should be paid to observation and discovery, and timely prevention and treatment to prevent the spread and reduce losses. Diseases have physiological and non-physiological diseases. Physiological diseases such as leaf scorch, bud blight, blind flower, split flower, etc. can be overcome by strengthening field management such as temperature, humidity, moisture, and light. The main non-physiological diseases of lily are as follows.
5.1.1 Bacillus spp. damages the stems, leaves, flowers and scales of lily, but the damage is most serious in the rhizomes. When the disease occurs, the base of the stem produces soft rot, which turns dark green to dark brown, and expands upwards. The leaves turn yellow. Slowly growing until lodging. Damage to the leaves often occurs as water-soaked small spots gradually become gray-green. If infestation occurs when bulbs sprout, the top of their young shoots is also affected. In severe cases, it can also cause damage to pedicels and scales.
Prevention and cure method 1 During the growth period, the susceptible plants should be excavated in time and burned. 2Cultivated lily should choose a well-drained soil, increase potassium fertilizer, and enhance the disease resistance of the plant. 3 When weeding, avoid damaging the roots and necks to prevent infection. 4 The soil must be disinfected prior to planting to kill pathogens in the soil. At the time of onset, the leaves and leaves were sprayed with 1000 doses of Ledomil or with an equal amount of Bordeaux mixture.
5.1.2 Viral Disease This disease is a common disease of Lilies and one of the most difficult to control. At the beginning of the disease, there are no obvious symptoms. There are mild yellow leaves on the leaves of the seedlings. The damaged plants grew poorly, atrophied, and the leaves curled downwards. The flower buds were chlorotic and could not be opened, and the corolla cracked.
1 Selection of virus-free bulbs. 2 control of locust occurrence, reduce the possibility of aphid transmission. 3 Do not work with tulips that are prone to viral diseases.
6. Harvest and Storage
6.1 Harvesting is generally harvested when the lowermost flower is coloured. Usually in the morning or evening. The varieties without diterpene flowers can be uprooted. The varieties with dichosum flower characteristics have a cut height of 10-20 cm and retain 15-30 pieces of plant leaves, at least 10 pieces.
6.2 After harvesting, the lily was sorted according to the number, size, length and stiffness of the buds, and whether the leaves and buds were deformed. Then, the lilies were tied into bundles, usually 10 sticks/bundle, and the stem base leaves were removed. If it is not possible to grade and bale in time, it is best to immediately put it in clean water and put it in the freezer.
6.3 The lily shall be inserted into the water in the cold room after the baling, and silver thiosulphate shall be added to the water (it must be used now).