Winter season vegetable production focuses on frost protection
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1. Furnaces or hot stoves are installed indoors to temporarily heat the cold.
2. The greenhouse wall is close to a layer of corn stalks to keep it cold. A corn stalk wall is added to the north side of the greenhouse, and a circle of grass rakes can be surrounded.
3. The outer layer of greenhouse straw is covered with a layer of rain-proof membrane and cold-proof at night.
4. Increase the cover in the shed to protect it.
5. Pay attention to the number of watering times in the cultivator.
Second, good seedlings for the early spring to lay a good foundation for the cultivation. In greenhouses in the spring and even in the early stage of production, the most exuberant melon seedlings are cultivated from December to January. As the saying goes: "The strong seedlings are harvested in half." In order to cultivate strong seedlings, it is first necessary to provide a suitable growth environment for seedling growth. The important factor is temperature conditions. It is required that the seedbed temperature should not be lower than 13°C throughout the day, and it can be maintained at 23°C-25°C for more than 5 hours during the day. It is difficult to guarantee in the winter without heating. Heating methods can be used geothermal lines, air heating lines, electric furnaces, light bulbs, or the use of additional fire ways. Practice has proved that the use of geothermal lines, underground fire heating effect of soil than the heating of air and then promote the soil temperature, not only the energy consumption will make the seedlings in a "cold head and feet hot" environment, very conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings.
Nursery soil should be taken from the field where no vegetables have been planted. Fertilizer must be fully cooked without adding fertilizer. Use plug or nutrient broth nursery method. Let the seedlings see light for no less than 8 hours a day, and see the light all over the body, so it must not be too thick. Also pay attention to timely ventilation and humidity, spraying and disease prevention.
Third, the good winter vegetables in winter greenhouses. Winter cultivation of cucumbers and tomatoes in greenhouses is extremely common in winter. However, the key to successful cultivation and the desired benefits is to prevent indoor temperatures from falling below 10°C for a prolonged period of time. The warming and heat preservation methods have been discussed previously. In the fertilizer and water management, due to the low temperature in winter, the plants have poor absorption capacity, slow growth, and low consumption. In the case of sufficient base fertilizer, no fertilizer and less watering are required. Before and after noon every day, you can open the vents of greenhouses for short-term ventilation, humidity and ventilation to reduce the occurrence of diseases and increase the concentration of carbon dioxide. Under low temperature conditions, the plants grow weak and have poor disease resistance, and they often spray and prevent disease.
After the tomato blossoms, it is necessary to wipe the fruit and increase the fruit setting rate. Found that deformed fruit, difficult to enlarge the beans should be promptly removed. In order to improve the commercial quality of the fruit to sell a good price, 3 to 4 fruits per pan can be. The lower yellow leaves and diseased leaves should be promptly destroyed to save nutrients.
The normal growth of cucumber is higher than the temperature required by the tomato. Therefore, the phenomenon of flower toping in winter is more common. Found that this situation should be promptly sparse too many melons, early picking melons to reduce the burden of long squatting. Peppers are easy to fall and fall under low temperature conditions, with small fruit and malformed fruit, and should be removed promptly. In short, the management of greenhouse cultivation in winter is mainly to increase temperature, keep warm, and prevent low temperatures. The temperature will go up and many problems will be resolved.
Fourth, promote multi-layered coverage to reduce energy consumption. In winter sheds, there is a long period of low temperature. First, there is no direct sunlight to supplement the heat in cloudy snow. Second, it is difficult to withstand the cold air from the structure of the shed. The third is to reduce the loss of heat and the fourth is to enhance its own storage. Thermal properties. Mitigation of these problems is currently used in multi-layer coverings in sheds, especially in small sheds, including large sheds, where a small shed can be covered with a layer of haystacks (small sheds in the shed). A film of 0.02cm to 0.025cm in thickness was applied to the inner pillar every 15cm horizontally, and it was pulled open after sunset. Can cover 2 to 3 layers, as long as the gap between the film and the film is sealed with a clip, each layer can be increased by 1.5°C to 2°C. Both seedlings or cultivating in the shed will achieve good results. Fangcheng Bowang Town experienced a low temperature of -11°C after colonization of tomatoes last year. The multi-layer covering (4th floor) of its colonized tomatoes was intact.
Fifth, manage the cold-resistant wintering vegetables and seedlings. Spinach, Shanghai blue, leeks, garlic, overwinter cauliflower, cabbage and onion seedlings, onion seedlings, cabbage seedlings, celery seedlings, etc. can tolerate low temperatures below -10°C, but in order to reduce winter cold damage and reduce mortality, To promote early spring return to green, generally in the end of December into the deep winter to generally cast a frozen water, in order to ensure that the soil moisture conducive to winter. The people said that overwintering vegetables are not afraid of low temperatures and they are afraid that the soil is dry. When there is no shortage of water in the soil, the cold resistance will be significantly enhanced.
Sixth, plough the land to clear the side road weeds, reduce pests and wintering sites. There are many types of serious diseases and insect pests in the vegetable field, and the wintering pests in the soil can be eliminated by deep-freezing the frozen pods before wintering. In addition, we must thoroughly remove the weeds in the fields and roadsides, and burn them in a centralized manner to reduce the primary infestation source of diseases and pests in the next spring.
