Performance and Prevention of Cold Weather Hazard in Greenhouse in Winter and Spring
Essence and perfume are the raw materials that give cosmetics a certain fragrance. Essence is one of the key raw materials in the manufacturing process, which can be divided into liquid essence and powder essence according to their morphology. Liquid flavors can also be divided into three kinds: water-soluble essence, oil soluble essence and emulsified flavor.
1. Water-soluble essence. Water-soluble flavor refers to the natural perfume, synthetic perfume blended by the fragrance base dissolved in ethanol or ethanol solution, and sometimes with glycerol, propylene glycol and other solvents. Water soluble flavors are mainly used in soft drinks, ice foods and alcoholic beverages.
Oil soluble essence. Oil-soluble flavors are made by dissolving natural and synthetic flavors in oily solvents or blending them directly with natural and synthetic flavors.
Emulsified flavor. In emulsified flavor, a small amount of spices form a kind of emulsion essence with a large number of main components under the action of surfactants and stabilizers. Emulsification can inhibit the volatilization of perfumes, water without ethanol or other solvents can reduce costs, so the application of emulsified flavor is developing rapidly.
Powder flavor. Powder fragrance can be divided into three types: powder fragrance made by grinding and mixing of solid fragrance, powder fragrance made by absorbing fragrance base on powder-like substrate and powder fragrance made by encapsulating microencapsulated powder fragrance with excipient.
Powder flavor is widely used in pastries, solid drinks, solid soups, fast food, snack food, powder, Sachets
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1 The main performance of cold hazard
1.1 The victims of leaf blade damage are often mildly affected. If they are victimized at the cotyledon stage, the edge of the cotyledon leaves is chlorotic, with white borders, and normal temperature does not affect the production of true leaf. After planting, the plant suffered a short-term low-temperature or cold-wind invasion, and the leaves of some plant parts were frozen and dark green and gradually dried off.
1.2 In the winter and spring season when the root system was damaged, the temperature in the greenhouse was low. At the same time, the ground temperature also fell below the minimum temperature for root growth. The roots stopped growing, and no new roots could be grown. Some of the old roots were yellow and gradually died. Sudden rise, plant wilting or slowing growth. If it is seriously affected and it is difficult to resume growth, it is necessary to change the seedlings again.
1.3 The growing point of the affected vegetable growing point is a relatively serious freeze injury. It often causes the top buds to be frozen without new leaves. If this condition cannot be restored after the weather has warmed up, it must be supplemented separately.
1.4 Flowering and fruiting victims suffer from cold weather in the flowering period, affecting the pollination effect, or fail to fertilize, resulting in a large number of fallen fruit or fruit.
2 measures to prevent cold hazards
2.1 seedling period to do a good job of low-temperature seedlings during the seedling period of low-temperature exercise can start from the seed germination, when the seed germination, the temperature is slightly lower, then gradually increased to all kinds of vegetable seed germination temperature, to germination after the temperature So that the buds are stout and exercised. During the growth of seedlings, the temperature is strictly controlled, the seedlings are not allowed to grow too thin due to excessive temperature, and the measures for raising seedlings are adopted to increase the resistance of the seedlings. The seedbeds need to be ventilated for seedlings and planting two days before the seedlings are planted. Cold exercise.
2.2 Strictly grasping the time of planting to promote timely planting of the planted vegetables in the winter and spring seasons, the cold tail warmer should be selected to weather the planting so as to facilitate rapid planting after planting and improve resistance.
2.3 Strengthen the coverage and heat preservation After the low-temperature colonization, a small arch shed can be buckled in the shed, and a thin bamboo stalk can be used as an arch, covering the film at night, and the grasshopper can be covered on the film under certain conditions; the cover film can be covered in the greenhouse. Warming and moisturizing; the bottom of the shed with a plastic film for the apron, can significantly reduce the cold air at the bottom of the invasion; can also be set in the shed inside the canopy, and enhance the insulation effect; cold seasons, attention to block the gaps throughout, to minimize gap heat.
2.4 Temporary artificial warming When the daytime temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 15°C and the nighttime temperature is lower than 8°C, cold damage or freezing injury may occur. At night, temporary warming measures must be taken. The specific method is: stay away from the shed. Vegetables, lit stems or sawdust and other smoked smoke, or burning honeycomb coal stove, can temporarily increase greenhouse temperature, but need to pay attention to timely ventilation to eliminate harmful gases. It can also be heated by lighting in the shed. Conditional use can be made of temporary heating equipment to artificially supplement heat energy.
2.5 After the management of low-temperature hazards Vegetables suffer from varying degrees of cold damage or frost damage, or when they are even on cloudy days, they may spray some fresh water on the foliage to warm up slowly before clearing the grass on sunny days; It should be gradually opened to gradually see the seedlings, so as to avoid "flash seedlings" phenomenon. In order to promote the easing of seedlings, we must also pay attention to raising the temperature of the ground. Therefore, after the damage, if it can still recover, we should open the mulch, properly control the amount of water, timely loosen soil, and increase the lighting time as much as possible every day.