First, the choice of site

The selection of cattle farm sites should be carefully considered, overall arrangements and long-term planning. It must be combined with plans for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, basic farmland planning, and the construction of houses, and must be adapted to the needs of the modern cattle industry. The selected site must have room for development.

1, the terrain Gaozao. Beef cattle farms should be built on high-lying terrain, sunny leewards, and low groundwater levels, with a gentle north-south, low-humidity, and generally flat areas. Must not be built in low depressions and vents so as to avoid drainage difficulties. It is difficult to collect water in the flood season and prevent cold in the winter.

2, good soil quality. Soil sandy soil is better. Soft soil, strong water permeability, rain, urine is not easy to accumulate, there is no induration after the rain, is conducive to clean and hygienic drying of the barn and playground, is conducive to the prevention of foot disease and other diseases.

3, adequate water supply. There must be sufficient water sources that meet the sanitary requirements to ensure production, life, drinking water for humans and animals. The water quality is good, non-toxic, ensuring the safety and health of people and livestock.

4, rich forage. The feed needed for beef cattle raising, especially for roughage, is large and it is not suitable for transport. The cattle farm should be close to straw, silage and hay feed resources to ensure the supply of forage, reduce freight and reduce costs.

5, convenient transportation. The purchase of shelf cattle and large quantities of fodder for forage, sales of fattening cattle and manure, high volume of transportation, frequent traffic, and some transportation requirements require rain and rain. Therefore, the cattle farm should be built in a convenient location close to roads or railways. .

6, health and epidemic prevention. 500 meters away from the major traffic arteries and village and township factories, the general traffic road is 200 meters away. But also to avoid the slaughtering, processing and industrial and mining enterprises that are contaminated by beef farms, especially chemical companies. In line with the requirements of veterinary hygiene and environmental health, there is no source of infection around.

7, save the land. Do not occupy or occupy less cultivated land.

8, to avoid endemic disease. The endemic diseases of humans and animals are mostly caused by lack of soil or water quality or excessive containment of certain elements. Local diseases have a great influence on the growth and meat quality of beef cattle. Although they can be controlled, they are bound to increase costs. It should be avoided as much as possible.

Second, the design principle

The purpose of building a cowshed is to create a suitable living environment for cattle and ensure the normal operation of the cow's health and growth. To spend less money, feed, energy and labor to get more animal products and higher economic benefits. To this end, the design of beef cattle should grasp the following principles.

1. Create a suitable environment for cattle. A suitable environment can give full play to the potential of cattle production and improve feed utilization. In general, 20% of the productivity of livestock depends on the species, 40%-50% depends on the feed, and 20%-30% depends on the environment. Unsuitable ambient temperatures can reduce livestock productivity by 10-30%. In addition, even if a full-priced feed is fed, if there is no suitable environment, the feed cannot be converted into livestock products to the maximum extent; thus, the feed utilization rate is reduced. It can be seen that when building a barn, it must meet the requirements of livestock on various environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, carbon dioxide in the air, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, to create a suitable environment for livestock.

2, to meet the production process requirements, to ensure the smooth progress of production and implementation of animal husbandry and veterinary technical measures. The beef cattle production process includes the composition and turnover of cattle, transportation of fodder, feeding, drinking water, decontamination, etc., as well as technical measures such as measurement, weighing, sperm extraction, control, production and nursing. Building a barn must be combined with the production process in the field. Otherwise, it will inevitably cause inconvenience to production and even make production impossible.

3, strict health and epidemic prevention to prevent the spread of the disease. Epidemic diseases pose a threat to cattle farms and cause economic losses. By building a standardized cowshed to create a suitable environment for livestock, it will prevent or reduce the occurrence of epidemics. In addition, special attention should be paid to hygiene requirements when building livestock houses in order to facilitate the implementation of the veterinary epidemic prevention system. It is necessary to reasonably conduct site planning and building layout according to the requirements of epidemic prevention, determine the orientation and spacing of livestock houses, set up disinfection facilities, and properly arrange the sewage treatment facilities.

4, to be economically reasonable and technically feasible. Under the premise of meeting the above three requirements, the construction of livestock houses should also minimize project cost and equipment investment in order to reduce production costs and accelerate capital turnover. Therefore, the construction of livestock houses should make full use of the favorable conditions in nature (such as natural ventilation, natural lighting, etc.), draw materials as much as possible, adopt local construction practices, and appropriately reduce the area of ​​ancillary buildings. The design scheme of the livestock house must be realized through construction. Otherwise, the scheme is no better and the construction technology is not feasible. It can only be the design of a dream.

Third, the cattle farm building configuration requirements

The configuration of buildings in cattle farms should be adapted to local conditions, be easy to manage, be conducive to production, and be convenient for epidemic prevention and safety. Unified planning, rational layout. It is neat and compact, with high land utilization rate and investment saving, economical and practical.

1, cowshed. Our country has a vast territory, with a wide disparity between north and south and east and west. The design of cowsheds in the three northeastern provinces, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai is mainly cold-proof, while the south of the Yangtze River is mainly anti-heatstroke. The form of the cowshed depends on the size of the feeding and the feeding method. The construction of the barn should be convenient for feeding and management, which is convenient for lighting, easy for summer heatstroke, winter cold, and easy for epidemic prevention. When constructing multiple buildings, a long axis parallel configuration should be adopted. When there are more than 4 cowsheds, they can be arranged side by side in two rows and aligned one after the other, with a distance of more than 10 meters.

2, feed library. The construction status should be selected to be relatively moderate from the position of each cowshed, and the location is slightly higher, ie, dry and ventilated, which will facilitate the transportation of the finished product to each cowshed.

3, hay shed and grass bank. As far as possible in the downwind area, and at least 50 meters away from the surrounding premises at a distance, built separately, not only to prevent grass from affecting the environment, but also to achieve fire safety.

4, silo or silo. The principle of construction selection is the same as the feed store. The location is moderate, the terrain is high, and sewage such as excrement and urine is prevented from entering the leaching pollution. At the same time, consider the following: 潦痹 潦痹 浞 悖 悖 跎倮 慷 慷 慷 / P P P P P P

5, veterinary room, sick cowshed. Should be set in the cattle farm under the limelight, and a relatively remote corner, easy to isolate, reduce the spread of air and water pollution.

6. The office and the staff's residence are located on the top of the farm, which is higher than the cattle farm, in order to prevent air and water pollution and epidemic infection. Door guards and disinfection rooms and disinfection pools should be set up at the door of the cattle farm.

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