Comprehensive measures for dairy cows during lactation
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August 07 02:30:11, 2025
I. Induced Feeding Method
Starting two weeks before calving, the induced feeding method involves gradually increasing the amount of concentrate fed to the cow. During the dry period, the cow is already receiving a base diet, and from day one, about 18 kg of concentrate is provided daily. Each subsequent day, the amount increases by 0.4 kg until the cow reaches an average intake of 1–1.5 kg of mixed concentrate per 100 kg of body weight. For a 550 kg cow, this means consuming around 55–9 kg of concentrate per day. Over the course of two weeks, the total feed can reach 60–70 kg. After calving, the concentrate is increased by 0.45 kg daily, continuing until peak milk production or free-choice feeding is achieved. It's essential to provide plenty of water to support digestion and reduce the risk of digestive disorders. This method is most effective for high-yielding dairy cows, as it may lead to overfeeding in lower-producing animals.
II. Challenging Feeding Strategy
Before entering the dry period, cows should be in good nutritional condition. Once the dry period begins, they are primarily fed high-quality roughage, with about 0.45 kg of concentrate added daily. One week later, the concentrate is introduced but should not exceed 1.5 kg per day. This strategy is typically used for about 12 weeks before calving. After that, the diet should be adjusted based on maintenance and normal production needs. The goal is to ensure the cow remains healthy and ready for the next lactation cycle.
III. Replacement Feeding Method
This method involves changing the diet composition every 7–10 days, focusing on adjusting the ratio of concentrate to forage while maintaining overall nutritional balance. For example, starting 20 days after calving, the cow might receive 8 kg of hay, 10 kg of silage, and 7 kg of concentrate daily. After a week, the concentrate is reduced to 3 kg, while hay is increased to 11 kg and silage to 30 kg—without a drop in milk production. Continuing this pattern, the concentrate is further reduced to 4–5 kg, while hay increases to 14 kg and juicy feed to 40 kg. If milk production remains stable, the concentrate is gradually increased to 11–13 kg the following week, allowing milk output to continue rising. This approach helps maintain performance while optimizing feed efficiency.