Rainer Spanagel, a professor of psychopharmacology at the Mental Health Research Center in Mannheim, Germany, who led the study, said, “If you have this genetic variant, your risk of becoming addicted to cocaine is significantly higher. It’s a vulnerability.” He emphasized that those with the gene need more support and protection to resist the temptation of drugs. Scientists are currently developing a vaccine that could reduce the rewarding effects of cocaine in carriers, helping them avoid relapse.

Cocaine is a powerful stimulant derived from the coca plant, primarily grown in regions like Peru and parts of South America. It appears as a white powder with a distinct smell and acts as a strong local anesthetic. When inhaled, it produces intense euphoria, but this effect typically lasts only about 30 minutes. Afterward, users often feel a crash, leading them to take more doses frequently to maintain the high. Over time, this cycle leads to increased tolerance, higher usage, and severe physical and psychological damage.

Long-term cocaine use through nasal inhalation can cause serious health issues, such as nasal mucosa damage, nosebleeds, and even septum perforation. Intravenous use poses even greater risks, including heart failure and infections from unsterilized needles. Sharing syringes also increases the spread of diseases like HIV and hepatitis. High doses of cocaine can lead to paranoia, hallucinations, and violent behavior, sometimes resulting in self-harm or aggression toward others.

Last week, the European Union’s anti-drug agency released a report highlighting countries with high rates of cocaine use, with the UK topping the list in continental Europe. According to the report, 12.7% of Britons aged 15 to 34 have used cocaine, marking the fifth consecutive year that the UK leads in the EU. Additionally, 30.1% of young adults in the UK use marijuana, ranking second after France and Denmark. The report also noted that cocaine is increasingly replacing other drugs like amphetamines in some regions.

Scientists believe that around 70% of cocaine addiction is influenced by genetics, similar to conditions like schizophrenia. Studies also show that 50% of alcohol addiction has a hereditary component. In a recent study published in an American journal, researchers found that genetically modified mice were more susceptible to drug addiction. By testing 670 addicts and over 700 non-users, they discovered that 40% of non-users carried the genetic variant, compared to 50% of addicts. (Shang Li)

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