Before starting the harvesting process, it's essential to complete several key preparatory steps to ensure smooth and efficient operation.
First, a field survey should be conducted 10 to 15 days before harvest. This helps assess factors such as crop lodging levels, planting density, row spacing, the lowest ear height, and the overall size and length of the plots. Understanding these conditions allows for better planning and machine setup.
Three to five days prior to harvest, the field should be prepared by filling in trenches, ridges, and furrows. Additionally, warning signs should be placed near potential obstacles like wells or poles to enhance safety during operations.
Adjusting the operating height of the straw chopping and returning machine is also crucial. Typically, the root rake should be set to about 8 cm above the ground. If the height is too low, the machine may hit the ground, leading to excessive wear on parts, higher energy consumption, and reduced equipment lifespan.
In addition to preparation, regular maintenance is vital for the performance and longevity of the harvester. On daily workdays, it’s important to clean all components of the corn combine, removing any debris such as dust, stems, or leaves. Check all connections and tighten them if necessary, especially focusing on the cutting blade, squeegee, conveyor slats, and wheel fixation.
Inspect the tension of V-belts, drive chains, and feed conveyors, adjusting or replacing them as needed. Ensure that gearboxes and enclosed units are properly lubricated and free from leaks. Also, check the hydraulic system for oil leaks and maintain the engine by cleaning the water tank, air filter, and dust cover.
Proper lubrication is essential for all moving parts of the harvester. Using sealed bearings can reduce maintenance time and improve efficiency. However, certain components like gearboxes require periodic refueling or lubricant replacement according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
For V-belt systems, maintaining correct tension is critical. Too loose or too tight belts can cause damage or inefficiency. Avoid contact with oil and mechanical damage. When installing or removing belts, always release the tension pulley first. Ensure that pulleys in the same circuit are aligned and that all belts have the same length.
Chain drives also need attention. The sprockets should be aligned on the same plane, and the chain must be adjusted to the right tightness. Too tight or too loose chains can lead to premature failure. Use a screwdriver to adjust the tension, ensuring that the chain can rotate approximately 20–30 degrees.
Finally, the hydraulic system requires regular checks. Always check the oil level when the header is at its lowest position, and top up if necessary. After the first 30 hours of use, replace the hydraulic oil and do so annually thereafter. When refueling, clean the area around the fill port, replace the filter, and pour new oil slowly through the filter. Ensure the oil is clean and free from contaminants like water, sand, or metal shavings.
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