The author believes that the improvement of the fertilization rate for artificial insemination of cage-breeding chickens should be based on years of work experience at the grass-roots level.

One, kind of rooster stay

Body appearance options throughout. Picking cocks must come from the parents' healthy, high-yielding, offspring with good traits. Good appearance, strong physique, strong muscles, broad fore chest, bright eyes and eyes, flexible and agile, clear and cry; strong legs and feet, firm and elastic foot pads; plump and shiny feathers, obvious secondary sexual characteristics, chicken cocks and flesh Well-developed, bright red color, because of the positive correlation between the traits and semen quality.

1. The breeding rooster undergoes 3 screenings. The first choice should be 45 to 50 days old. From the start of brooding, there are plans to choose healthy and lively, well-developed, and fast-growing chicks. The second time is 120 to 150 days. This age segment is the key to growth. Development and body conformity to the criteria are important; the third time is 150 to 160 days of age, and selection is based on sexual reflex and semen quality during sperm collection training.

2. The retention of roosters depends not only on the physical appearance but also on the growth and development. The density of the spermatozoon of the rooster is reduced and the vigor is decreased; when it is too thin, the sexual reflex is not strong and the reproductive function is low. Any person who has a late sexual maturity, excessive weight, too little or no male characteristics, should be eliminated regardless of other indicators. The ratio between male and female can be reserved at 1:40.

3, the choice of the initial reflection of the choice of sexual reflexes. Sperm roosters have strong reflexes. When selected, the thumb and index finger are used to stimulate the tail of the rooster. It is easy to form a reflex, which can lift upwards, relax around the cloacal cavity, and milky valgus. Semen can be successful.

4. Semen quality is one of the key factors affecting the fertilization rate. When selecting the species, a comprehensive examination of semen quality should be conducted for comprehensive assessment.

5, chicken normal semen is milky white thick liquid, the amount of ejaculation is 0.4 to 1.0 ml. Sperm density varieties (strains) vary widely among individuals, typically between 2 and 4 billion/ml, and density and fertilization rates are closely related, with a correlation coefficient of 0.3 to 0.4. The greater the density, the greater the viability, and the more sperm that moves in a straight line, the higher the fertilization rate. The sperm density and fresh essence vitality of artificial insemination should be 300 million/ml and 0.95 or higher respectively.

6. The sperm morphology and fertilization rate were significantly related. The normal sperm abnormality rate was 5% to 15% in chickens. The correlation coefficient of fertility rate and sperm abnormality rate was -0.86 in 1 week after insemination. Fighting cock, the quality of semen is not necessarily good. The production should choose a large amount of ejaculation, sperm vitality, high density, low deformity rate, no pollution, sexual desire of the roosting species.

Second, the rooster diet nutrition

The lack of energy in the diet can cause the cock to be in a state of negative energy balance, which causes the body weight to decrease, the testicle volume to become smaller, and the amount of semen to decrease. Conversely, excessive energy can cause fat deposition, weight gain, and difficulties in sperm collection. Cage breeding cockerel should limit feeding. Production practice has shown that the metabolic energy is 11 to 12 MJ/kg diet, which can control weight gain and ensure the production of excellent semen during the breeding season.

1. During crude brooding, the crude protein must reach 18% to 19%, the breeding period is 12% to 14%, and the breeding period is 14% to 16%. On the basis of ensuring protein levels, balancing methionine and lysine levels can ensure that the rooster has a high reproductive rate. Arginine and methionine are directly involved in spermatogenesis. The addition of 0.3% or 0.5% arginine to the diet can increase the total amount of ejaculate by 8.7% and 19%, respectively. The effect is extremely significant.

2, lack of vitamins in the diet can reduce the cock's viability, sexual reflexes, reduced semen volume. Cage breeder chickens are not exposed to sunlight or restricted, and vitamin D must be added to the diet. Production practice shows that adding 200 million units of vitamin A, 3.3 million units of vitamin D, vitamin E4 grams of vitamin B20.8 grams, and vitamin C6 grams per 100 kilograms of rooster diets can obtain excellent quality semen.

3. The addition of 0.1-0.2 g/kg zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate and 0.3-0.5 mg/kg sodium selenite to the feed for the breeding of cocks has a significant effect on improving semen quality and fertility.

4, dietary calcium and phosphorus content of 1.5% to 2.0% and 0.4%, respectively, is more appropriate. Production practice has shown that when the calcium and phosphorus in the diet are 28 and 7 g/kg, respectively, there is a great influence on the libido reflex and sperm yield of the breeder.

Third, the acquisition interval

Reasonable sperm collection interval is an important measure to obtain high-quality semen and improve the fertilization rate. It has been reported that semen can be obtained once a day and good quality semen can be obtained and the mating task within the breeding period can be successfully completed. In order to give full play to the utilization rate of the excellent breeding roosters, in order to instil more hens, a system of 2 to 3 days of weekly sperm recovery and 2 days of rest is adopted. The results showed that the amount and density of semen could recover to the best level after 2 days of rest, and had no adverse effect on semen quality.

Four, semen preservation

For sperm metabolism, undiluted fresh semen will reduce the fertilization rate at 20°C to 25°C for 30 minutes. The freshly collected semen should be immediately stored at 30°C-35°C and should be used within 25-30 minutes. The faster the insemination rate, the shorter the sperm stays in the outside world, the better the live rate, and the higher the fertilization rate.

When the hen population is large, dilute semen may be stored at low temperature with a simple diluent or with BPSE or BPSE-2 (1.8 g of fructose, 2.8 g of sodium glutamate, 100 ml of distilled water) and stored at 5°C to 10°C. Can be stored for 24 to 48 hours.

Fifth, the best insemination time

The best insemination time for hens should be better when no hard shell eggs are in the uterus or after 3 hours of egg production. I had observed and counted the egg laying time of 2187 hens. As a result, 95.02% (2078/2187) of the hens had finished egg production at 16:00. The genital tract was already in the “open and unobstructed” state. So, at 16 : 00 to 18:30 Insemination is beneficial to the improvement of the fertilization rate.

Six, the appropriate amount of insemination

The amount of insemination is closely related to the fertilization rate. When 100 million and 1 billion sperm were input once, the fertilization rate was 95% and 97% respectively.

When 10 million sperm were entered, the fertilization rate dropped to 38%. Production is now using the original semen insemination, each input 0.03 ~ 0.05 ml, effective sperm 0.8 ~ 100 million or more is appropriate. To ensure the number of sperm required for fertilization, the first insemination should increase semen volume by 2 to 3 times. In addition, it should be noted that while the hen's fertility is declining, the cock's fertility is also decreasing. From the middle to the end of the breeding period, the amount of insemination should be increased appropriately with the age of the male cockerel, so as to maintain a higher fertilization rate of the breeding eggs.

Seven, the appropriate insemination interval

After mating, most of the sperm quickly enter the "gland follicle fossa" in the uterus-vaginal joint, and thereafter "release" to the fallopian tube in a slow continuous manner.

Because of the testicular temperature of the rooster and the special structure of the reproductive tract of the hen, the survival time of chicken sperm in the fallopian tube can reach 35 days, which is much longer than that of livestock sperm. The fertilization ability of chicken sperm may decrease after mating for 3 to 5 days. In order to keep the egg fertilization rate high, it is necessary to supplement the input of high quality semen at certain intervals. A short interval will not only increase the workload, but also increase the stress response to flocking when catching chickens; if it is too long, the fertilization rate will decrease. According to the emergence time of fertilization, after many years of production practice, it is most appropriate to inseminate once every 5 days, and the fertilization rate can be kept above 94%.

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