Feed additives are small or micronutrient or non-nutritive substances that are added to the feed to meet specific needs. According to different functions, it can be divided into nutritional and non-nutritive additives.

Nutrient additives include amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. There are 10 kinds of amino acids that are necessary for pigs, and three kinds of lysine, methionine, and tryptophan, which are commonly used for feeds, are called limiting amino acids. Peasants often use cereals, bran, and cakes as raw materials for compound feeds. Cereal contains low protein, high energy digestible energy, is an energy feed. Crude protein crude protein content of more than 34%, is a protein feed. When the cottonseed cake and rapeseed cake are used as protein feeds, lysine is the first limiting amino acid, and the addition of synthetic lysine is effective, and the addition amount is 0.1% to 0.2%. When soybean meal and fish meal are used as protein feeds, the amino acids are relatively balanced. When the amount is sufficient, amino acids do not need to be added; if the amount is small, lysine and methionine should be added appropriately.

There are 14 kinds of vitamins necessary for livestock and poultry. Rural pigs, bran and green fodder account for a large proportion, and generally have fewer vitamin deficiencies, with little or no growth and finishing pigs. However, vitamins must be added to suckling pigs, piglets and pigs that consume large amounts of bran and green feed. When selecting compound additive species, attention should be paid to the instructions on the packaging bag. It is best to purchase multi-dimensional additives and use them according to the instructions.

The commonly used feed has a low mineral content and must be artificially added. The animal body content is divided into constant and trace elements. The major elements are chlorine, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and so on. Salt contains two elements, chlorine and sodium. Adding salt can improve the pig's taste, increase feed intake, and regulate physiological functions in the body. It can maintain the osmotic pressure and acid-base balance of body fluids. The amount added is within 0.5%, exceeding 1%. Cause pig discomfort, can cause poisoning. Commonly used feed bran contains high phosphorus, when the ratio is large, you can add calcium minerals alone, such as calcium carbonate, stone powder, eggshell powder, shell powder, etc., add about 1.2%. Among them, lactating sows can be added to 1.5%, and finishing pigs are preferably 1%. For diets with a small percentage of bran, calcium and phosphorus should be added at the same time, such as bone meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and the added amount should be below 1.5%, of which piglets should be high and big pigs should be low.

Insufficient calcium and phosphorus may impede the development of the skeleton of pigs, which may lead to cartilage disease. However, high levels of calcium and phosphorus may affect the use of other trace elements. Such as high calcium can cause zinc deficiency, showing rough skin, cracking, and dander. Commonly used feed sulphur, magnesium, and potassium are sufficient and do not have to be added. Trace elements are commonly used in iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium, cobalt and other 7 kinds, the added amount of a few thousandths to a few thousandths, adding too much will inhibit growth, and even poisoning. Among them, copper and cobalt are toxic, and selenium is highly toxic. The country's feeding standards and feed industry standards are limited. According to the amount of feed per ton of feed, the highest dose of copper piglets does not exceed 200 grams, and growth and finishing pigs do not exceed 150. Grams; selenium is in the range of 0.1-0.3 grams. Cobalt is an important component of vitamin B12 and is synthesized in the animal by the intestinal microflora. Monogastric animals synthesize it in the large intestine, and most of them are not absorbed through excretion. Therefore, it is of little significance for pigs and birds to add cobalt.

Numerous non-nutritive additives include growth-promoting agents, insect repellents, and flavoring agents. Among them, growth-promoting agents are the largest category, including antibiotics, synthetic antibiotics, hormones, and enzyme preparations. Commonly used antibiotic additives include oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, salinomycin, lignoampine, bacitracin and zinc. There are many types of synthetic antibacterial drugs, such as quinoline, iodoamines, organic arsenic preparations, and nitrofurans. Antibiotics and synthetic antibiotics also have a growth-promoting effect. At present, the addition of olaquindox to domestic piglets is more common, and the effect of anti-fatigue promotion is better. The ton consumption is 50 to 100 grams. The addition of bacitracin to the big pigs is better, and the ton amount is 10 to 50 grams. Insect repellants commonly used levamisole, albendazole, trichlorfon, anthelmintic, etc., rural pigs two months to deworming suitable. The use of high-copper additives has the combined effects of insect repellency, antibacterial activity, and growth promotion. After periodic deworming, compound feeds do not need to add insect repellents. In piglets and piglets, the stomach function is not fully developed. In order to increase feed intake and digestive function, flavoring agents and compound enzyme preparations may be added. These additives are available in the specialty market and can be added as specified. The following points should also be mastered when selecting additives:

(1) According to the nutritional deficiencies of their commonly used feed, select the appropriate type of feed additives in order to achieve nutritional balance and maximize feed conversion.

(2) According to the instructions on the package, master the amount of use. In the case of a large proportion of green roughage and a small amount of formulated feed, use a little more amount, but do not overshoot, and some add it several times, which not only causes waste, but also inhibits growth, which is counterproductive.

(3) The mixing should be uniform, and a step-by-step matching method can be adopted. First, a small amount of powder and additives are mixed, then 1/3 of the feed is mixed, and finally the whole feed can be evenly mixed.

(4) Formulated feeds should be fed in wet mix, and should not be cooked at high temperatures. Additives such as vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, and enzyme preparations are easily inactivated and waste at high temperatures.

(5) Store in a cool, dry place to prevent mildew loss. In the case of large quantities, long storage, and wet conditions, it is best to add anti-mildew preparations to stabilize feed quality.

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